Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/xula

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Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/xula

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Main lines of reasoning:

• Of onomatopoeic or expressive origin, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kew- (“to shout, to scold”), originally meaning “taunt”. Related to Proto-Slavic *čьvati, *ščьvati (“to bark, to slander, to harass”).
• Of physical nature, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *ksew- (“to scrape, to injure”), originally meaning “physical attack, offend”. Related to Proto-Slavic *xudъ (“injured, weak”), possibly Proto-Slavic *xytiti (“to assault”).

Noun

*xulà f[1][2]

1. unjust vilification, verbal offence → blasphemy (in religion)

   Synonym: *kleveta

Inflection

Declension of *xūlà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm b)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*xūlà	*xũlě	*xūlỳ
Accusative	*xūlǫ̀	*xũlě	*xūlỳ
Genitive	*xūlỳ	*xūlù	*xũlъ
Locative	*xūlě̀	*xūlù	*xūlàsъ, *xūlàxъ*
Dative	*xūlě̀	*xūlàma	*xūlàmъ
Instrumental	*xūlòjǫ, *xũlǫ**	*xūlàma	*xūlàmī
Vocative	*xulo	*xũlě	*xūlỳ

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Derived terms

• *xuliti (“to vilify, to offend”)
  • *xulьnъ (“insulting”)
• *xulovati (“to commit blasphemy”)
• *xulostь, *xulьstvo (“sacrilege, blasphemy”)

Related terms

• *xyliti (sę) (“to cripple, to bend down”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: хꙋла (xula)
    • Russian: хула́ (xulá)
    • Ukrainian: хула́ (xulá)
  • Belarusian: ху́ла (xúla, “scolding”)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic: хоула (xula)
  • Bulgarian: ху́ла (húla)
  • Macedonian: ху́ла (húla) (literary)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic: ху̏ла

    Latin: hȕla

  • Slovene: húla (poetic)

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “хула”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1981), “*xula I”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 8 (*xa – *jьvьlga), Moscow: Nauka, page 114

References

1. Olander, Thomas (2001), “xula xuly”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b/c (SA 78, 187 / PR 132)”
2. Snoj, Marko (2016), “huliti se”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar³ (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “prim. iz pslovan. *xula̋”