< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/xromъ
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
- Per Derksen: From Proto-Indo-European *srómos (?), cognate with Sanskrit श्रम् (śram, “to be weary, tired”). Probably from the 0-grade of Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“to wound”) + *-omъ (“present participle suffix”) (otherwise **stromъ would have been expected).
- Per Trubachev, Snoj: From Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱrem-, cognate with the Sanskrit term and possibly Proto-Germanic *skramō (“scratch”) (whence German Schramme, Old Norse skrāma (“wound”)). Trubachev further suggests connection to Polish poskromić (“to subdue”).
Adjective
*xròmъ[1][2][3]
- lame, crippled
- Synonyms: *kucъ, *kylavъ
Declension
Accent paradigm b.
Indefinite declension of *xromъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *xromъ | *xroma | *xromo |
| Accusative | *xromъ | *xromǫ | *xromo |
| Genitive | *xroma | *xromy | *xroma |
| Locative | *xromě | *xromě | *xromě |
| Dative | *xromu | *xromě | *xromu |
| Instrumental | *xromomь | *xromojǫ | *xromomь |
| Vocative | *xrome | *xromo | *xromo |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *xroma | *xromě | *xromě |
| Accusative | *xroma | *xromě | *xromě |
| Genitive | *xromu | *xromu | *xromu |
| Locative | *xromu | *xromu | *xromu |
| Dative | *xromoma | *xromama | *xromoma |
| Instrumental | *xromoma | *xromama | *xromoma |
| Vocative | *xroma | *xromě | *xromě |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *xromi | *xromy | *xroma |
| Accusative | *xromy | *xromy | *xroma |
| Genitive | *xromъ | *xromъ | *xromъ |
| Locative | *xroměxъ | *xromaxъ | *xroměxъ |
| Dative | *xromomъ | *xromamъ | *xromomъ |
| Instrumental | *xromy | *xromami | *xromy |
| Vocative | *xromi | *xromy | *xroma |
Definite declension of *xromъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *xromъjь | *xromaja | *xromoje |
| Accusative | *xromъjь | *xromǫjǫ | *xromoje |
| Genitive | *xromajego | *xromyję | *xromajego |
| Locative | *xromějemь | *xroměji | *xromějemь |
| Dative | *xromujemu | *xroměji | *xromujemu |
| Instrumental | *xromyjimi | *xromǫjǫ | *xromyjimi |
| Vocative | *xromъjь | *xromaja | *xromoje |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *xromaja | *xroměji | *xroměji |
| Accusative | *xromaja | *xroměji | *xroměji |
| Genitive | *xromuju | *xromuju | *xromuju |
| Locative | *xromuju | *xromuju | *xromuju |
| Dative | *xromyjima | *xromyjima | *xromyjima |
| Instrumental | *xromyjima | *xromyjima | *xromyjima |
| Vocative | *xromaja | *xroměji | *xroměji |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *xromiji | *xromyję | *xromaja |
| Accusative | *xromyję | *xromyję | *xromaja |
| Genitive | *xromъjixъ | *xromъjixъ | *xromъjixъ |
| Locative | *xromyjixъ | *xromyjixъ | *xromyjixъ |
| Dative | *xromyjimъ | *xromyjimъ | *xromyjimъ |
| Instrumental | *xromyjimi | *xromyjimi | *xromyjimi |
| Vocative | *xromiji | *xromyję | *xromaja |
Derived terms
- *xromostь (“limping”)
- *xromota (“lameness”)
- *xroměti (“to be crippled”)
- *xromiti (“to cripple”)
- *xromьcь (“cripple”)
Related terms
- *xvorъ (“ill”)
- *kromа (“partition, crust”) (possibly)
- *sъkromьnъ (“humble”) (possibly)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: хромъ (xromŭ)
- Belarusian: хро́мы (xrómy)
- Russian: хромо́й (xromój)
- Ukrainian: хроми́й (xromýj)
- Old Novgorodian: хроме (xrome)
- Old East Slavic: хромъ (xromŭ)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Cyrillic: хромъ (xromŭ)
- Glagolitic: ⱈⱃⱁⰿⱏ (xromŭ)
- Bulgarian: хром (hrom)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: хро̏м
- Latin: hrȍm
- Slovene: hrȍm (tonal orthography)
- Old Church Slavonic:
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: chromý
- Czech: chromý
- Polabian: chrüöme
- Old Polish: chromy
- Polish: chromy (archaic)
- Slovak: chromý
- Sorbian:
- Lower Sorbian: сhrоmу
- Upper Sorbian: khromy
- Old Czech: chromý
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “хромо́й”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1981), “*xromъ(jь)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 8 (*xa – *jьvьlga), Moscow: Nauka, page 101
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*xròmъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 205: “adj. o (b) ‘lame’”
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “xromъ xroma xromo”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b lam (PR 136)”
- Snoj, Marko (2016), “hrȍm”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar3 (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “*xromъ̏”