Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/xopiti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Probably of expressive origin, comparable with Proto-Slavic *xapati (“to bite”), Old Church Slavonic хѫпити (xǫpiti, “to snatch”). Compare further dial. Bulgarian хо́пам (hópam, “to skip, to frisk”), Polish chopnąć (“to clap, to push”) of onomatopoeic or interjectal origin.

Possibly inherited from Proto-Indo-European *kh₂ep- (“to grab, to have”), if presumably PIE *kH- could yield Proto-Slavic *x-. According to Uhlenbeck, may alternatively be a borrowing from Middle Low German happen (“to take a bite”); usually dismissed by other Slavists.

Verb

*xopiti pf

to grasp, to seize
Synonym: *xvatati
(reflexive) (+ *sę) to undertake, to handle
Synonym: *zaęti (sę)

Conjugation

Conjugation of *xopiti, *xopi, *xopitь (perf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*xopľenьje	*xopiti	*xopitъ	*xopilъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*xopľenъ	—
Active	*xopľь	—

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*xopixъ	*xopi	*xopi	*xopľǫ	*xopiši	*xopitь
Dual	*xopixově	*xopista	*xopiste	*xopivě	*xopita	*xopite
Plural	*xopixomъ	*xopiste	*xopišę	*xopimъ	*xopite	*xopętь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	—	—	—	—	*xopi	*xopi
Dual	—	—	—	*xopivě	*xopita	—
Plural	—	—	—	*xopimъ	*xopite	—

(*)*xopivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle
In perfective verbs, present expresses future

Derived terms

*vyxopiti
*sъxopiti
*uxopiti, *vъxopiti

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: хопити (xopiti)
  - Belarusian: хапі́ць (xapícʹ)
  - Russian: хопи́ть (xopítʹ), хопи́ться (xopítʹsja)
  - Ukrainian: хопи́ти (xopýty), хопи́тися (xopýtysja)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: chopiti sě
  - Czech: chopit (“to grasp, to comprehend”), chopit se
- Old Polish: pochopić
  - ⇒ Polish: pochopny
- Slovak: chopiť
- Sorbian:
  - Lower Sorbian: chopiś (“to begin”)
  - Upper Sorbian: khopić (“to initiate, to begin”)