< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/vьrba
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *virb-. Cognate with Lithuanian vir̃bas, Latvian vir̂bs, virba, Ancient Greek ῥᾰ́βδος (rhábdos), Latin verbēna, verber, Proto-Germanic *warpą.
Noun
*vьrba f
- willow
Declension
Declension of *vьrba (hard a-stem)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *vьrba | *vьrbě | *vьrby |
| Accusative | *vьrbǫ | *vьrbě | *vьrby |
| Genitive | *vьrby | *vьrbu | *vьrbъ |
| Locative | *vьrbě | *vьrbu | *vьrbasъ, *vьrbaxъ* |
| Dative | *vьrbě | *vьrbama | *vьrbamъ |
| Instrumental | *vьrbojǫ, *vьrbǫ** | *vьrbama | *vьrbami |
| Vocative | *vьrbo | *vьrbě | *vьrby |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: вьрба (vĭrba)
- Belarusian: вярба́ (vjarbá); вэрба́ (verbá) (dialectal)
- Russian: ве́рба (vérba)
- Ukrainian: верба́ (verbá)
- Old East Slavic: вьрба (vĭrba)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: вьрба (vĭrba)
- Bulgarian: върба́ (vǎrbá)
- Macedonian: врба (vrba)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: вр́ба
- Latin: vŕba
- Slovene: vŕba
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: vrba
- Czech: vrba
- Moravian (Mistřice): vŕba
- Czech: vrba
- Polabian: varbă
- Old Polish: wierzba
- Polish: wierzba
- Silesian: wiyrba
- Slovak: vŕba
- Sorbian:
- Upper Sorbian: wjerba
- Lower Sorbian: wjerba
- Old Czech: vrba
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “ве́рба”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1982), “верба́”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 1 (А – Г), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page 350
- Martynaŭ, V. U., Tsykhun, G. A., editors (1978–2017), “вярба́”, in Этымалагічны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Etymological Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), Minsk: Belaruskaia navuka