< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/vьlna
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology 1
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *wílˀnāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wĺ̥h₁neh₂.
Noun
*vь̀lna f[1][2][3]
- wool
Declension
Declension of *vь̀lna (hard a-stem, accent paradigm a)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *vь̀lna | *vь̀lně | *vь̀lny |
| Accusative | *vь̀lnǫ | *vь̀lně | *vь̀lny |
| Genitive | *vь̀lny | *vь̀lnu | *vь̀lnъ |
| Locative | *vь̀lně | *vь̀lnu | *vь̀lnasъ, *vь̀lnaxъ* |
| Dative | *vь̀lně | *vь̀lnama | *vь̀lnamъ |
| Instrumental | *vь̀lnojǫ, *vь̀lnǭ** | *vь̀lnama | *vь̀lnamī |
| Vocative | *vь̀lno | *vь̀lně | *vь̀lny |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: вълна (vŭlna)
- Old Ruthenian: волна (volna)
- Belarusian: во́ўна (vóŭna)
- Ukrainian: во́вна (vóvna)
- Russian: во́лна (vólna)
- Old Ruthenian: волна (volna)
- Old East Slavic: вълна (vŭlna)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Old Cyrillic: вльна (vlĭna)
- Glagolitic: ⰲⰾⱐⱀⰰ (vlĭna)
- Bulgarian: въ́лна (vǎ́lna)
- Macedonian: волна (volna)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: ву̏на
- Latin: vȕna
- Slovene: vółna (tonal orthography)
- Old Church Slavonic:
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: vlna
- Czech: vlna
- Kashubian: wôłna
- Polabian: våuno, vuno
- Old Polish: wełna
- Polish: wełna
- Slovak: vlna
- Sorbian:
- Upper Sorbian: wołma
- Lower Sorbian: wałma
- (Schleifer dialect): wełma
- Old Czech: vlna
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “волна”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Chernykh, P. (1993), “волна”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 1 (а – пантомима), 3rd edition, Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 163
Etymology 2
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *wiln-, from Proto-Indo-European *welH-.
Baltic cognates include Lithuanian vilnìs, vilnià, Latvian vilņa
Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit ऊर्मि (ūrmi, “wave”), Albanian valë, Old High German wella, German Welle, English well, Old Norse vella.
Noun
*vьlnà f[4][5]
- wave
Declension
Declension of *vьlnà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm c)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *vьlnà | *vь̑lně | *vь̑lny |
| Accusative | *vь̑lnǫ | *vь̑lně | *vь̑lny |
| Genitive | *vьlný | *vьlnù | *vь̃lnъ |
| Locative | *vь̑lně | *vьlnù | *vьlnàsъ, *vьlnàxъ* |
| Dative | *vьlně̀ | *vьlnàma | *vьlnàmъ |
| Instrumental | *vьlnojǫ́ | *vьlnàma | *vьlnàmi |
| Vocative | *vьlno | *vь̑lně | *vь̑lny |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: вълна (vŭlna)
- Old Ruthenian: волна (volna)
- Russian: волна́ (volná)
- Old East Slavic: вълна (vŭlna)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Old Cyrillic: вльна (vlĭna)
- Glagolitic: ⰲⰾⱐⱀⰰ (vlĭna)
- Bulgarian: вълна́ (vǎlná)
- Old Church Slavonic:
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: vlna
- Czech: vlna
- Old Polish: wełna
- Polish: wełna
- Slovak: vlna
- Old Czech: vlna
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*vь̀lna”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 537: “f. ā (a) ‘wool’”
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “1vьlna vьlny”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a wool (NA 132, 143; SA 23, 137, 188; PR 132)”
- Snoj, Marko (2016), “vọ́lna”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar3 (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “*vь̋lna”
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*vьlnà”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 537: “f. ā (c) ‘wave’”
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “2vьlna”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b/c bølge (PR 138)”