Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/volxъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Ultimately from Proto-Germanic *walhaz. Exact donor language cannot be specified;[1] Gothic *𐍅𐌰𐌻𐌷𐍃 (*walhs) is suggested.[2][3] Per Skok it was borrowed from the Balkan Gothic on the lower Danube, where the Slavs first met the Romans between the 4th and 5th centuries (see Ulfilas).[3]

Noun

*vòlxъ m[1][2][4]

a Roman, a speaker of a Romance language

Declension

Declension of *vòlxъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm a)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*vòlxъ	*vòlxa	*vòlśi
Accusative	*vòlxъ	*vòlxa	*vòlxy
Genitive	*vòlxa	*vòlxu	*vòlxъ
Locative	*vòlśě	*vòlxu	*vòlśě̄xъ
Dative	*vòlxu	*vòlxoma	*vòlxomъ
Instrumental	vòlxъmь, vòlxomь^*	*vòlxoma	*vòlxȳ
Vocative	*vòlše	*vòlxa	*vòlśi

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Derived terms

*volšьskъ

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: волохъ (voloxŭ)
  - Old Ruthenian: волохъ (volox)
    - Belarusian: вало́х (valóx)
    - Ukrainian: воло́х (volóx)
  - Russian: воло́х (volóx)
    - → German: Wallach
      - → Russian: вала́х (valáx)
      - → Polish: wałach
  - → Polish: Wołoch
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Old Cyrillic: влахъ (vlaxŭ)
  Glagolitic: ⰲⰾⰰⱈⱏ (vlaxŭ)
  - Bulgarian: влах (vlah)
  - → Byzantine Greek: Βλάχος (Blákhos)
    - Greek: Βλάχος (Vláchos)
- Macedonian: влав (vlav)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic: Вла̏х
  Latin: Vlȁh
  - → Hungarian: olasz
- Slovene: lȁh (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Czech: Vlach
- Polish: Włoch
- Lower Sorbian: Łoch, łoski

Non-Slavic:
- → Hungarian: oláh
- → Aromanian: vlah
- → Romanian: valah, Valahia
  - → Czech: valach
  - → Slovak: valach
- → English: Vlach, Wallachia

References

Pronk-Tiethoff, Saskia E. (2013) The Germanic loanwords in Proto-Slavic‎ (in English), Amsterdam - New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 99
Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1982), “воло́х”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 1 (А – Г), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page 422
Skok, Petar (1971–1974), “Vläh”, in Etimologijski rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika (in Serbo-Croatian), Zagreb: JAZU, page 606
Olander, Thomas (2001), “volxъ volxa”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “accent paradigm a”

Brückner, Aleksander (1927), “Włoch”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish), Warsaw: Wiedza Powszechna, page 626
Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “воло́х”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
Verweij, Arno (1994), “Quantity Patterns of Substantives in Czech and Slovak”, in Dutch Contributions to the Eleventh International Congress of Slavists, Bratislava (Studies in Slavic and General Linguistics)‎, volume 22, Editions Rodopi B.V., page 525, 530

[Pronk-1] Pronk-Tiethoff, Saskia E. (2013) The Germanic loanwords in Proto-Slavic‎ (in English), Amsterdam - New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 99

[ESUM-2] Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1982), “воло́х”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 1 (А – Г), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page 422

[Skok-3] Skok, Petar (1971–1974), “Vläh”, in Etimologijski rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika (in Serbo-Croatian), Zagreb: JAZU, page 606

[4] Olander, Thomas (2001), “volxъ volxa”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “accent paradigm a”