< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/volga
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *wálˀgāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *wolg-eh₂, from *welg- (“moist; wet”). Cognate with Latvian pa-val̃ga, Lithuanian pa-valgà, Old Prussian welgen, Proto-Germanic *wulkaną.
Noun
*vòlga f[1][2][3]
- moisture
Inflection
Declension of *vòlga (hard a-stem, accent paradigm a)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *vòlga | *vòldzě | *vòlgy |
| Accusative | *vòlgǫ | *vòldzě | *vòlgy |
| Genitive | *vòlgy | *vòlgu | *vòlgъ |
| Locative | *vòldzě | *vòlgu | *vòlgasъ, *vòlgaxъ* |
| Dative | *vòldzě | *vòlgama | *vòlgamъ |
| Instrumental | *vòlgojǫ, *vòlgǭ** | *vòlgama | *vòlgamī |
| Vocative | *vòlgo | *vòldzě | *vòlgy |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Derived terms
- *volžiti
- *obolžiti
Related terms
- *vьlgnǫti
- *vьlgъkъ
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Belarusian:
- Russian: воло́га (vológa) (dialectal)
- Ukrainian: воло́га (volóha)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Old Cyrillic: влага (vlaga)
- Glagolitic: ⰲⰾⰰⰳⰰ (vlaga)
- → Russian: вла́га (vlága)
- Bulgarian: вла́га (vlága)
- Macedonian: влага (vlaga)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: вла̏га
- Latin: vlȁga
- Slovene: vlága (tonal orthography)
- Old Church Slavonic:
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: vláha
- Czech: vláha
- Bohemian (Chod dialect): vláha
- Czech: vláha
- Slovak: vlaha
- Sorbian:
- Upper Sorbian: włoha
- Old Czech: vláha
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “волога”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*vòlga”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 524: “f. ā (a) ‘moisture, liquid food’”
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “volga”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a (PR 132)”
- Snoj, Marko (2016), “vlága”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar3 (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *vőlga”