Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/veriga

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From *ver- +‎ *-iga, most likely from Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to rotate”). Cognates would include Lithuanian vérti, veriù, Latvian vẽrt, Ancient Greek ἀείρω (aeírō).

The etynom is also encountered as веруга (veruga) in Bulgarian. Some scholars, such as prof. Ivan Tonev, interpret the fluctuation between -и-/-у- as evidence for potential Turkic origin, akin to Turkish örgü (“knit”) from Turkish örmek (“to plait”).

Noun

*veriga f

chain

Declension

Declension of *veriga (hard a-stem)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*veriga	*veridzě	*verigy
Accusative	*verigǫ	*veridzě	*verigy
Genitive	*verigy	*verigu	*verigъ
Locative	*veridzě	*verigu	verigasъ, verigaxъ^*
Dative	*veridzě	*verigama	*verigamъ
Instrumental	verigojǫ, verigǫ^**	*verigama	*verigami
Vocative	*verigo	*veridzě	*verigy

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Related terms

*verěja
*vernь
*vьrvь

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: верига (veriga)
  - Russian: вери́га (veríga)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Cyrillic: верига (veriga)
  Glagolitic: [Term?]
- Bulgarian: вери́га (veríga)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic: вѐрига
  Latin: vèriga
- Slovene: veríga (tonal orthography)
West Slavic: —
Non-Slavic:
- → Romanian: verigă