< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/velťi
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *welk- / *wilk-. Cognate with Lithuanian vil̃kti, 3sg. vel̃ka, 3sg. past vil̃ko and Latvian vìlkt, 1sg. vȩ̀lku. Indo-European background unclear:
- Rix (LIV): From Proto-Indo-European *h₂welk-, cognate with Ancient Greek αὖλαξ (aûlax, “furrow”), Homeric ὦλκα (ôlka, “furrow”, acc. sg.).
- Derksen: LIV-proposed relationship is doubtful.
- Vasmer: From Proto-Indo-European *welk-, cognate with Ancient Greek ἕλκω (hélkō, “to drag”), Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬐- (varək-, “to drag”), 𐬟𐬭𐬁𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬭𐬗𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (frāuuarcaiti, “to carry off”), Latin sulcus (“furrow”), Albanian helq, heq (“to pull, to tear off”) < *solkeiō.[1]
Verb
*velťi
- to drag
Inflection
Conjugation of *velťi, *velče, *velčetь (?, -C-, _/ox-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *velčenьje | *velťi | *velťь | *velklъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *velčenъ | *velkomъ |
| Active | *velkъ | *velky |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *velk(ox)ъ | *velče | *velče | *velkǫ | *velčeši | *velčetь |
| Dual | *velk(ox)ově | *velk(e/os)ta | *velk(e/os)te | *velčevě | *velčeta | *velčete |
| Plural | *velk(ox)omъ | *velk(e/os)te | *velkǫ, *velkošę | *velčemъ | *velčete | *velkǫtь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *velčaaxъ | *velčaaše | *velčaaše | — | *velci | *velci |
| Dual | *velčaaxově | *velčaašeta | *velčaašete | *velcěvě | *velcěta | — |
| Plural | *velčaaxomъ | *velčaašete | *velčaaxǫ | *velcěmъ | *velcěte | — |
- Notes:
- Aorist *velkeste ⇒ *velčeste, ...
Derived terms
- *velkъ (“drag”)
- *velkačь (“tug”)
- *velčugo (“reptile”) (literally a creature which creeps)
- *obelťi (“to dress up”) < *ob- + *velťi
- *obelkъdlo (“clothing”) < *ob- + *velkъ + *-dlo
- *obolka
- *obolčьka
- *povelťi (“to drag up”) < *po- + *velťi
- *navelťi (“to put up a cloak”) < *na- + *velťi
- *vȏlkъ (“portage? dragnet?”)
- *obolkъ (“cloud”) < *ob- + *vȏlkъ
- *vōlkà (“pasture? measure of area?”)
- *volčiti (“to drag, draw, trail”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: волочи (voloči)
- Old Ruthenian: волочи (voloči)
- Belarusian: валачы́ (valačý) (obsolete)
- Ukrainian: волокти́ (voloktý)
- Russian: воло́чь (volóčʹ)
- Old Ruthenian: волочи (voloči)
- Old East Slavic: волочи (voloči)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Old Cyrillic: влѣщи (vlěšti)
- Glagolitic: ⰲⰾⱑⱋⰹ (vlěšti)
- → Russian: влечь (vlečʹ)
- Bulgarian: влека́ (vleká)
- Macedonian: влече (vleče)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: ву́ћи
- Latin: vúći
- Chakavian (Vrgada): vũći
- Chakavian (Orbanići): vũć
- Slovene: vlẹ́či (tonal orthography)
- Old Church Slavonic:
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: vléci
- Czech: vléci, vléct
- Old Polish: wlec
- Polish: wlec
- Slovak: vliecť
- Sorbian:
- Upper Sorbian: wlec
- Lower Sorbian: wlac, lac
- Old Czech: vléci
Further reading
- Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 514
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “волоку́”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Rix, Helmut, editor (2001) Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 289–290
References
- Alternatively reconstructed as Proto-Albanian *(w)alkja from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wolkéye- from *h₂welk-; see above.