Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/varъ

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Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/varъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology 1

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *wārús. By surface analysis deverbal of *vьrěti.[1]

Ultimately either from:

• Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to burn”)
• Proto-Indo-European *h₂wer- (“water”), with Sanskrit वार् (vār), Latin Avara, urina, Old Norse vari as cognates

Noun

*vȃrъ m[2][3][4][5]

1. boiled liquid
2. lime

Inflection

Declension of *vȃrъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm c)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*vȃrъ	*vȃra	*vȃri
Accusative	*vȃrъ	*vȃra	*vȃry
Genitive	*vȃra	*varù	*vãrъ
Locative	*vȃrě	*varù	*varě̃xъ
Dative	*vȃru	*varomà	*varòmъ
Instrumental	*vȃrъmь, *vȃromь*	*varomà	*varý
Vocative	*vare	*vȃra	*vȃri

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Related terms

• *variti (“to boil”)
• *varovikъ (“limestone”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: варъ (varŭ)
    • Russian: вар (var)
    • Ukrainian: вар (var)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic: варъ (varŭ)

    Glagolitic: ⰲⰰⱃⱏ (varŭ)

  • Bulgarian: вар (var)
  • Macedonian: вар (var)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic: ва̑р

    Latin: vȃr

  • Slovene: vâr (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Kashubian: war
  • Old Czech: var
    • Czech: var, vary pl (dated)
  • Old Polish: war
    • Polish: war
  • Slovak: var

Etymology 2

From Proto-Indo-European *wer-. Cognates include Hittite 𒉿𒊏𒀀𒉌 (wa-ra-a-ni, “to burn”), Old Armenian վառեմ (vaṙem, “to fire”), possibly Etruscan 𐌅𐌄𐌓𐌔𐌄 (verse, “fire”).

Noun

*vȃrъ m[2][3][4][5]

1. heat

Inflection

Declension of *vȃrъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm c)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*vȃrъ	*vȃra	*vȃri
Accusative	*vȃrъ	*vȃra	*vȃry
Genitive	*vȃra	*varù	*vãrъ
Locative	*vȃrě	*varù	*varě̃xъ
Dative	*vȃru	*varomà	*varòmъ
Instrumental	*vȃrъmь, *vȃromь*	*varomà	*varý
Vocative	*vare	*vȃra	*vȃri

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Derived terms

• *sъvarъ
  • *sъvariti (“to forge”)
  • *Sъvarogъ (“Svarog, Slavic smith god”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: варъ (varŭ)
    • >? Russian: вар (var, “tar, pitch”)
    • Russian: вар (var, “scorching heat; white-hot iron, ready to be cast, mold”) (dialectal)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic: варъ (varŭ)

    Glagolitic: ⰲⰰⱃⱏ (varŭ)

  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic: ва̑р

    Latin: vȃr

• West Slavic:
  • Kashubian: war
  • Old Czech: var
  • Polish: war (dialectal)

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “вар”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress

References

1. Boryś, Wiesław (2005), “war”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN, page 678
2. Derksen, Rick (2008), “*vȃrъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 512: “m. o (c)”
3. Olander, Thomas (2001), “varъ”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c (RPT 99, 102)”
4. Snoj, Marko (2016), “varīti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar³ (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “*vȃrъ”
5. Nikolajev, S. L. (2012), “Vostočnoslavjanskije refleksy akcentnoj paradigmy d i indojevropejskije sootvetstvija slavjanskim akcentnym tipam suščestvitelʹnyx mužskovo roda s o- i u-osnovami*”, in Karpato-balkanskij dialektnyj landšaft: Jazyk i kulʹtura‎ (in Russian), volume 2, Moscow: Institute for Slavic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, page 117