< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/variti
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology 1
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *wārīˀtei / *wōrīˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *wōr- (“to burn”) (Černyx), *werH- (Snoj) or *werh₁- (Derksen). Cognate with Latvian vārīt.
Compare also Old Armenian վառել (vaṙel), English warm.
Verb
*varìti impf[1][2][3]
- to boil, cook
Conjugation
Accent paradigm c (b?).
Conjugation of *variti, *vari, *varitь (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm b)
Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *vařenьje | *variti | *varitъ | *varilъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *vařenъ | *varimъ |
| Active | *vařь | *varę |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *varixъ | *vari | *vari | *vařǫ | *variši | *varitь |
| Dual | *varixově | *varista | *variste | *varivě | *varita | *varite |
| Plural | *varixomъ | *variste | *varišę | *varimъ | *varite | *varętь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *vařaaxъ | *vařaaše | *vařaaše | — | *vari | *vari |
| Dual | *vařaaxově | *vařaašeta | *vařaašete | *varivě | *varita | — |
| Plural | *vařaaxomъ | *vařaašete | *vařaaxǫ | *varimъ | *varite | — |
- Notes:
- (*)*varivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle
Conjugation of *variti, *vari, *varitь (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)
Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *vařenьje | *variti | *varitъ | *varilъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *vařenъ | *varimъ |
| Active | *vařь | *varę |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *varixъ | *vari | *vari | *vařǫ | *variši | *varitь |
| Dual | *varixově | *varista | *variste | *varivě | *varita | *varite |
| Plural | *varixomъ | *variste | *varišę | *varimъ | *varite | *varętь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *vařaaxъ | *vařaaše | *vařaaše | — | *vari | *vari |
| Dual | *vařaaxově | *vařaašeta | *vařaašete | *varivě | *varita | — |
| Plural | *vařaaxomъ | *vařaašete | *vařaaxǫ | *varimъ | *varite | — |
- Notes:
- (*)*varivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle
Related terms
- *varъ (“lime, boiled liquid”)
- *vьrěti (“to boil”)
- *virъ (“whirlpool”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: варити (variti)
- Belarusian: вары́ць (varýcʹ)
- Russian: вари́ть (varítʹ)
- Rusyn: вари́ти (varýty)
- Ukrainian: вари́ти (varýty)
- Old East Slavic: варити (variti)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Old Cyrillic: варити (variti)
- Glagolitic: ⰲⰰⱃⰹⱅⰹ (variti)
- Bulgarian: варя́ (varjá)
- Macedonian: вари (vari)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: ва́рити
- Latin: váriti
- Slovene: varíti
- Old Church Slavonic:
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: vařiti
- Czech: vařit
- Bohemian (Chod dialect): vařit
- Moravian (Mistřice): vařit
- Czech: vařit
- Old Polish: warzyć
- Polish: warzyć
- Silesian: warzić
- Slovak: variť
- Sorbian:
- Upper Sorbian: warić
- Lower Sorbian: wariś
- Old Czech: vařiti
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “вар”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Chernykh, P. (1993), “варить”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 1 (а – пантомима), 3rd edition, Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 134
- Georgiev V. I., editor (1979), “варя”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 2, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 122
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*variti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 512: “(c (b?)) ‘boil, cook’”
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “1variti: varjǫ varitь”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c koge (PR 139)”
- Snoj, Marko (2016), “variti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar3 (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *vari̋ti”
Etymology 2
Perhaps[1] from Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to cover, to envelop”), cognate with Sanskrit वारयति (vārayati, “to conceal, to capture, to prohibit”) and akin to Lithuanian varýti (“to chase”), Sanskrit वरते (varate, “to surround, to keep back”), Proto-Germanic *warjaną (“to ward off, to defend”), Proto-Germanic *warōną (“to overwatch, to be aware of”).
Verb
*variti impf[2]
- to go ahead, to overtake, to take a lead
- to accomplish, complete in time
Alternative forms
- *vařati (intensive)
Conjugation
Conjugation of *variti, *vari, *varitь (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)
Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *vařenьje | *variti | *varitъ | *varilъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *vařenъ | *varimъ |
| Active | *vařь | *varę |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *varixъ | *vari | *vari | *vařǫ | *variši | *varitь |
| Dual | *varixově | *varista | *variste | *varivě | *varita | *varite |
| Plural | *varixomъ | *variste | *varišę | *varimъ | *varite | *varętь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *vařaaxъ | *vařaaše | *vařaaše | — | *vari | *vari |
| Dual | *vařaaxově | *vařaašeta | *vařaašete | *varivě | *varita | — |
| Plural | *vařaaxomъ | *vařaašete | *vařaaxǫ | *varimъ | *varite | — |
- Notes:
- (*)*varivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle
Derived terms
- *varъkъ (“fast, rushing”)
- *varъkostь (“rushing, hurrying”)
- *pervara (“competition”)
Related terms
- *provoriti (“to multitask”)
- *provorьnъ (“brisk, expeditious”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: варити (variti), варяти (varjati)
- Russian: варять (varjatʹ), предвари́ть (predvarítʹ)
- Old East Slavic: варити (variti), варяти (varjati)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: варити (variti, “to haste”), прѣдъварити (prědŭvariti, “to anticipate”)
- Bulgarian: ва́ря (várja, “to compete”) (only reflexive), ва́ркам (várkam, “to haste, to rush”) (dialectal)
- ⇒ Bulgarian: изпрева́ря (izprevárja), надпрева́ря (nadprevárja), сва́ря (svárja), зава́ря (zavárja, “to encounter”)
- Macedonian: -вари (-vari)
- Macedonian: превари (prevari, “to swindle”), завари (zavari, “to encounter”)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: ва̏рати (“to cheat, to swindle”), прѐварити (“to swindle”)
- Latin: vȁrati (“to cheat, to swindle”), prèvariti (“to swindle”)
- West Slavic:
- Czech: vařiti (dialectal)
Further reading
- Georgiev V. I., editor (1971), “варя се”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 121
- “varýti”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012
References
- K. Borisov, A. Shaposhnikov (2018), “Русско-санскритские этимологические этюды”, in Proceedings of the V. V. Vinogradov Russian Language Institute, No. 18, page 33-72: “Русск. варити, варяти ~ санскр. várati, vāráyati”
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “2variti: varjǫ varitь”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c gå imøde (PR 139)”