< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/vada
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology 1
Action noun of *vaditi (“to argue, to accuse, to hamper”) + *-a.
West Slavic meaning is derived from the figurative “slander, defamation” → “flaw”. Similar semantic shift is observed with synonymous *porokъ (in East, South Slavic).
Noun
*vada f
- argument, quarrel, scuffle
- Synonyms: *svara, *dręzga
- (figurative, abstract) accusation, slander
- Synonyms: *kleveta, *xula, *porokъ
- (by extension) defect, flaw (West Slavic)
Declension
Declension of *vada (hard a-stem)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *vada | *vadě | *vady |
| Accusative | *vadǫ | *vadě | *vady |
| Genitive | *vady | *vadu | *vadъ |
| Locative | *vadě | *vadu | *vadasъ, *vadaxъ* |
| Dative | *vadě | *vadama | *vadamъ |
| Instrumental | *vadojǫ, *vadǫ** | *vadama | *vadami |
| Vocative | *vado | *vadě | *vady |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Derived terms
- *dovada
- *obada (“slander”)
- *sъvada (“brawl, scuffle”)
- *zavada
- *vadьba
- *vadьnъ (adjective)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old Belarusian: вада (vada, “slander”)
- Belarusian: ва́да (váda, “defect”)
- ⇒ Belarusian: ва́дка (vádka, “scuffle, brawl”)
- Russian: ва́да (váda, “scuffle”)
- ⇒ Russian: ва́дьба (vádʹba, “accusation”)
- Rusyn: сва́да (sváda, “argument, quarrel, scuffle”)
- Ukrainian: ва́да (váda, “defect”)
- Old Belarusian: вада (vada, “slander”)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: вада (vada, “accusation”)
- West Slavic:
- Czech: vada, váda
- Polish: wada
- Slovak: vada
- Sorbian:
- Upper Sorbian: wada
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “вада”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Anikin, A. E. (2011), “вада II”, in Русский этимологический словарь [Russian Etymological Dictionary] (in Russian), issue 5 (буба – вакштаф), Moscow: Znak, →ISBN, page 317
Etymology 2
Action noun of *vaditi (“to pull, to tug”) + *-a.
Noun
*vàda f[1]
- conduct, endeavour
- Coordinate terms: *vodъ, *vedenьje, *vadežь
Alternative forms
- *vaďa (ja-stem, < *vaďati + *-a)
Declension
Declension of *vada (hard a-stem)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *vada | *vadě | *vady |
| Accusative | *vadǫ | *vadě | *vady |
| Genitive | *vady | *vadu | *vadъ |
| Locative | *vadě | *vadu | *vadasъ, *vadaxъ* |
| Dative | *vadě | *vadama | *vadamъ |
| Instrumental | *vadojǫ, *vadǫ** | *vadama | *vadami |
| Vocative | *vado | *vadě | *vady |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Derived terms
- *navada (“habit, conduct”)
- *povada (“habit”)
- *zavada (“exercise”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Russian: ва́да (váda), пова́дка (povádka, “habit”)
- South Slavic:
- Slovene: váda, vája (tonal orthography)
References
- Snoj, Marko (2016), “vaja”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar3 (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “iz *va̋d'a oz. *va̋da”
Further reading
- Anikin, A. E. (2011), “вада I”, in Русский этимологический словарь [Russian Etymological Dictionary] (in Russian), issue 5 (буба – вакштаф), Moscow: Znak, →ISBN, page 317
Etymology 3
Unclear:
- Possibly related to Proto-Slavic *voda (“water”), from Proto-Indo-European *wed- (with acute and lengthening due to Winter's law). Perhaps parallel to Russian ва́дья (vádʹja, “puddle”), Belarusian ва́дкі (vádki, “watery”).
- Identical to Etymology 2 (per BER), analogous to Latvian vads (“pipe, conduction line”).
- Borrowed or cognate with Latin vadum (“ford”) (whence Romanian vad), Proto-Germanic *wadą (“shallow water”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *weh₂dʰ- (“to pass, to wade”). Favoured by Melnychuk for the Ukrainian descendant.
Noun
*vàda f
- irrigation channel, duct
- source of water
Declension
Declension of *vada (hard a-stem)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *vada | *vadě | *vady |
| Accusative | *vadǫ | *vadě | *vady |
| Genitive | *vady | *vadu | *vadъ |
| Locative | *vadě | *vadu | *vadasъ, *vadaxъ* |
| Dative | *vadě | *vadama | *vadamъ |
| Instrumental | *vadojǫ, *vadǫ** | *vadama | *vadami |
| Vocative | *vado | *vadě | *vady |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Derived terms
- *vadišče (augmentative)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Russian: ва́да (váda, “puddle, body of water”) (dialectal)
- ⇒ Russian: ва́дега (vádega), ва́дига (vádiga)
- Ukrainian: ва́да (váda, “groove”) (possibly from Romanian)
- Russian: ва́да (váda, “puddle, body of water”) (dialectal)
- South Slavic:
- Bulgarian: ва́да (váda)
- Macedonian: вада (vada)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Serbo-Croatian: ва̏да
- Serbo-Croatian: vȁda
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “вадья”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Anikin, A. E. (2011), “вада IV”, in Русский этимологический словарь [Russian Etymological Dictionary] (in Russian), issue 5 (буба – вакштаф), Moscow: Znak, →ISBN, page 318
- Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1982), “вада”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 1 (А – Г), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page 318
- Georgiev V. I., editor (1971), “вада”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 111