< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/užasъ
Proto-Slavic
Alternative forms
- *užěsъ (attested in "Psalterium Sinaiticum")
- *užastь (sporadically attested in East Slavic)
Etymology
Morphologically equivalent to *u- + *žasъ (“fright”).
Further etymology is problematic:
- On morphological basis, has been linked to the root of *gasiti (“to extinguish”), which however poses semantic problems.
- An alternative proposal suggests genetic relation to *gadъ (“creep, reptile”), presumably from pre-Slavic *u- + *gēd- + *-sъ.
- Possibly a borrowing[1] from Gothic 𐌿𐍃𐌲𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽 (usgaisjan, “to frighten”), assumming that related non-prefixed forms are back-formations and that Gothic -𐌰𐌹- (-ai-) was rendered as Proto-Slavic *-ě- < *-ē- (rather than formally expected *-ai-).
Noun
*ȗžasъ m[2][1]
- (perhaps originally) awe, dismay
- → horror, fright, dread (in South, East Slavic)
- → amazement, astonishment (in West Slavic)
Declension
Declension of *ȗžasъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm c)
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | *ȗžasъ | *ȗžasa | *ȗžasi |
Accusative | *ȗžasъ | *ȗžasa | *ȗžasy |
Genitive | *ȗžasa | *užasù | *užãsъ |
Locative | *ȗžasě | *užasù | *užasě̃xъ |
Dative | *ȗžasu | *užasomà | *užasòmъ |
Instrumental | *ȗžasъmь, *ȗžasomь* | *užasomà | *užasý |
Vocative | *užase | *ȗžasa | *ȗžasi |
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.
Derived terms
- *užasiti (“to awe, to amaze, to terrify”)
- *užasьnъ (“awful, stunning”)
Related terms
- *žasъ (“fright”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: ужасъ (užasŭ), ужасть (užastĭ)
- Russian: у́жас (úžas)
- Ukrainian: ужа́х (užáx) (dialectal)
- Old East Slavic: ужасъ (užasŭ), ужасть (užastĭ)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Old Cyrillic: оужасъ (užasŭ)
- Glagolitic: ⱆⰶⰰⱄⱏ (užasŭ)
- Bulgarian: у́жас (úžas)
- Macedonian: ужас (užas)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: у̏жа̄с
- Latin: ȕžās
- Old Church Slavonic:
- West Slavic:
- Czech: úžas
- Slovak: úžas
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “ужас”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
References
- Pronk-Tiethoff, Saskia E. (2013) The Germanic loanwords in Proto-Slavic (in English), Amsterdam - New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 156: “PSl. *užasъ (m. o-stem) ‘horror, amazement’”
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*užasъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 511: “m. o ‘amazement, horror’”