< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/učiti
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *auˀkīˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁owk-éye-ti, from *h₁ewk-. Balto-Slavic cognates include Lithuanian jaukìnti, jaukinù (“to tame, to domesticate”), Latvian jaûcêt (“to accustom”), Old Prussian iaukint (“to exercise”). Other Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit उच्यति (ucyati, “to be accustomed to”), Old Armenian ուսանիմ (usanim, “to learn”), Gothic 𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌷𐍄𐍃 (biūhts, “accustomed to”).
Derksen has a complex discussion of the possible origin of the acute tone in Balto-Slavic, boiling down to a suggestion by Frederik Kortlandt that initial *u- yielded Balto-Slavic acute under certain conditions.
Verb
*učiti impf (perfective *vyknǫti)
- to teach
Conjugation
Conjugation of *učiti, *uči, *učitь (?, -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *učenьje | *učiti | *učitъ | *učilъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *učenъ | *učimъ |
| Active | *učь | *učę |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *učixъ | *uči | *uči | *učǫ | *učiši | *učitь |
| Dual | *učixově | *učista | *učiste | *učivě | *učita | *učite |
| Plural | *učixomъ | *učiste | *učišę | *učimъ | *učite | *učętь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *učaaxъ | *učaaše | *učaaše | — | *uči | *uči |
| Dual | *učaaxově | *učaašeta | *učaašete | *učivě | *učita | — |
| Plural | *učaaxomъ | *učaašete | *učaaxǫ | *učimъ | *učite | — |
- Notes:
- (*)*učivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle
Related terms
- *nauka (“science, teachings”)
- *naučьnъ (“scientific”)
- *pouka (“moral (of a story), lesson”)
- *bezukъ (“uneducated”)
- *neukъ (“unthought”)
- *vyknǫti (“to get used to”)
- *navykъ (“habit”)
- *obyčь (“affection, fondness”)
- *obyčajь (“custom, tradition”)
- *obyčajьnъ (“traditional, usual”)
Derived terms
Derived terms (16)
- *učenьje (“education”), *učenikъ m, *učeničьka f (“student”)
- *neučь
- +*jьz (“out of”): *jьzučiti (“to study”)
- +*na (“on”): *naučiti (“to learn”), *naučati, *naučenьje, *naučiteljь, *naučьnikъ
- +*ob (“about”): *obučiti (“to train”), *obučati, *obučenьje
- +*za (“for”): *zaučiti (“to coach, to tally”)
- +*po (“upon, by”): *poučiti (“to preach, to enlighten”)
- +*pri (“unto”): *priučiti (“to get accustomed to”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: учити (učiti) (accent paradigm c)
- Belarusian: вучы́ць (vučýcʹ)
- Russian: учи́ть (učítʹ), 1sg. учу́ (učú), 3sg. у́чит (účit)
- Ukrainian: учи́ти (učýty), вчи́ти (včýty)
- Old East Slavic: учити (učiti) (accent paradigm c)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Cyrillic: оучити (učiti), 1sg. оучѫ (učǫ)
- Bulgarian: у́ча (úča)
- Macedonian: учи (uči)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: у̀чити
- Latin: ùčiti
- Chakavian (Vrgada): učȉti, 2sg. učĩš
- Slovene: učíti (tonal orthography), 1sg. učím (tonal orthography)
- Old Church Slavonic:
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: učiti
- Czech: učit
- Bohemian (Chod dialect): hučit
- Czech: učit
- Old Polish: uczyć
- Polish: uczyć
- Slovak: učiť
- Sorbian:
- Upper Sorbian: wučić
- Lower Sorbian: wucyś
- Old Czech: učiti
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*učìti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 506
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “учить”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1983), “*jьzučiti”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 9 (*jьz – *klenьje), Moscow: Nauka, page 85
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1996), “*naučiti”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 23 (*narodьnъjь – *navijakъ), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 191
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (2003), “*obučiti”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 30 (*obsojьnikъ – *obvedьnъjь), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 238
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1975), “*bezukъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 2 (*bez – *bratrъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 48