Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tьrzati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Per Derksen, possibly cognate with Latin tergō (“to wipe”), with semantic distortion by influence of *dьrgati (“to tear”).
Per Vasmer, connected with Sanskrit स्तृहति (stṛháti, “to crush”), तृणेढि (tṛṇéḍhi, “shattered, broken”), perfect ततर्ह (tatarha), perf. pass. part. तृढ (tṛḍhá). Doubtfully connected with Latin trahō (“to drag”), Gothic 𐌸𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌺𐍉 (þairkō, “hole”).
Per Chernykh, from Proto-Indo-European *terǵʰ-, extended version of *ter- (“to rub”), cognate with Proto-Slavic *terti, Latin terō.

Verb

*tьrzati

to tear, to pull

Inflection

Conjugation of *tьrzati, *tьrza, *tьržetь (impf., -a/j-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Suffix: *-ati

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*tьrzanьje	*tьrzati	*tьrzatъ	*tьrzalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*tьrzanъ	*tьržemъ
Active	*tьrzavъ	*tьržę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*tьrzaxъ	*tьrza	*tьrza	*tьržǫ	*tьržeši	*tьržetь
Dual	*tьrzaxově	*tьrzasta	*tьrzaste	*tьrževě	*tьržeta	*tьržete
Plural	*tьrzaxomъ	*tьrzaste	*tьrzašę	*tьržemъ	*tьržete	*tьržǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*tьrzaaxъ	*tьrzaaše	*tьrzaaše	—	*tьrži	*tьrži
Dual	*tьrzaaxově	*tьrzaašeta	*tьrzaašete	*tьrživě	*tьržita	—
Plural	*tьrzaaxomъ	*tьrzaašete	*tьrzaaxǫ	*tьržimъ	*tьržite	—

Conjugation of *tьrzati, *tьrza, *tьrzajetь (impf., -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Suffix: *-ati

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*tьrzanьje	*tьrzati	*tьrzatъ	*tьrzalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*tьrzanъ	*tьrzajemъ
Active	*tьrzavъ	*tьrzaję

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*tьrzaxъ	*tьrza	*tьrza	*tьrzajǫ	*tьrzaješi	*tьrzajetь
Dual	*tьrzaxově	*tьrzasta	*tьrzaste	*tьrzajevě	*tьrzajeta	*tьrzajete
Plural	*tьrzaxomъ	*tьrzaste	*tьrzašę	*tьrzajemъ	*tьrzajete	*tьrzajǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*tьrzaaxъ	*tьrzaaše	*tьrzaaše	—	*tьrzaji	*tьrzaji
Dual	*tьrzaaxově	*tьrzaašeta	*tьrzaašete	*tьrzajivě	*tьrzajita	—
Plural	*tьrzaaxomъ	*tьrzaašete	*tьrzaaxǫ	*tьrzajimъ	*tьrzajite	—

Related terms

*tъrgati (“to tear”)

Descendants

Church Slavonic: истръзати (istrŭzati) (Serbian)
East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: тьрзати (tĭrzati, “to tear”) (literary, 12th century)
  - Russian: терза́ть (terzátʹ, “to tear apart, to torment”), 1sg. терза́ю (terzáju)
  - Ukrainian: терза́ти (terzáty, “to torment”)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Cyrillic: трьзати (trĭzati, “to tear, to pull”), 1sg. трѣжѫ (trěžǫ), трьзаѭ (trĭzajǫ)
  Glagolitic: [Term?]
- Bulgarian: тъ́рзам (tǎ́rzam)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic: тр̏зати (“to pull”), 1sg. тр̏же̄м
  Latin: tȑzati (“to pull”), 1sg. tȑžēm
  - Chakavian (Orbanići?): tȑzat (“to tug, to snatch”), 2sg. tȑzaš
- Slovene: tŕzati (“to tear, to pluck”) (tonal orthography), 1sg. tȓzam (tonal orthography)
West Slavic: —

References

Chernykh, P. (1993), “терза́ть”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), 3rd edition, Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 238
Derksen, Rick (2008), “*tьrzati”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 505
Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “терза́ть”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress