< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tьmьnica
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From substantivized *tьmьnъ (“dark”) + *-ica, from *tьma (“dark”) + *-ьnъ.
Noun
*tьmьnica f
- dungeon (< "something dark")
Inflection
Declension of *tьmьnica (soft a-stem)
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | *tьmьnica | *tьmьnici | *tьmьnicę̇ |
Accusative | *tьmьnicǫ | *tьmьnici | *tьmьnicę̇ |
Genitive | *tьmьnicę̇ | *tьmьnicu | *tьmьnicь |
Locative | *tьmьnici | *tьmьnicu | *tьmьnicasъ, *tьmьnicaxъ* |
Dative | *tьmьnici | *tьmьnicama | *tьmьnicamъ |
Instrumental | *tьmьnicejǫ, *tьmьnicǫ** | *tьmьnicama | *tьmьnicami |
Vocative | *tьmьnice | *tьmьnici | *tьmьnicę̇ |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: тьмьница (tĭmĭnica)
- Belarusian: цямні́ца (cjamníca)
- Russian: темни́ца (temníca)
- Ukrainian: темни́ця (temnýcja)
- Old East Slavic: тьмьница (tĭmĭnica)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: тьмьница (tĭmĭnica)
- Bulgarian: тъмни́ца (tǎmníca)
- Macedonian: темница (temnica)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: та̀мница
- Latin: tàmnica
- Slovene: temnica
- West Slavic:
- Czech: temnice
- Polish: ciemnica
- Slovak: temnica
- Other:
- → Middle Low German: temenitze (“prison, jail”)
- → Romanian: temniță (“prison, jail”)
- → Sathmar Swabian: Temitz (“prison”)
References
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “темница”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1982–2012), “темний”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka