Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tъlpa

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Perhaps a Turkic borrowing, from the root *tōl- (“to be full”). Compare Old Turkic [script needed] (tolp, “group; whole”), Old Anatolian Turkish [script needed] (tolp, “group”), Kazakh and Kyrgyz топ (top, “group”), etc.

Noun

*tъlpa f

crowd, group

Declension

Declension of *tъlpa (hard a-stem)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*tъlpa	*tъlpě	*tъlpy
Accusative	*tъlpǫ	*tъlpě	*tъlpy
Genitive	*tъlpy	*tъlpu	*tъlpъ
Locative	*tъlpě	*tъlpu	tъlpasъ, tъlpaxъ^*
Dative	*tъlpě	*tъlpama	*tъlpamъ
Instrumental	tъlpojǫ, tъlpǫ^**	*tъlpama	*tъlpami
Vocative	*tъlpo	*tъlpě	*tъlpy

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Russian: толпа (tolpa)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: тлъпа (tlŭpa)
- Bulgarian: тълпа (tǎlpa)
- Macedonian: толпа (tolpa)
- Slovene: tolpa (“gang”)
West Slavic:
- Czech: tlupa (“gang”)
- Polish: tłum

References

Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “толпа”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress