Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-tъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

The suffix continues both Proto-Indo-European *-tós and *-tus. A distinguishing feature between the two is that lemmas formed with the u-stem suffix, later were extended with *-kъ, e.g. Serbo-Croatian podátak (“datum”) < *datъ (“load, something given”).

Suffix

*-tъ m

Deverbal from mono-syllabic simple stems, forms passive participles
Synonym: *-nъ
From ū-grade root:
*obutъ (“footwear put on”) ← *obuti (“to put on footwear”)
*nadutъ (“swelled”) (+ *na-) ← *duti (“to blow up”)
From ī-grade root:
*šitъ (“sewed”) ← *šiti (“to sew”)
*bitъ (“beaten”) ← *biti (“to beat”)
From nasal-grade root:
*klętъ (“pitiable, damned”) ← *klęti (“to curse”)
*vъzętъ (“taken”) ← *vъzęti (“to take, to acquire”)
Deverbal, forms nouns (usually with o-grade)
*potъ (“sweat”) ← *peťi (“to bake”)
*letъ (“flight”) ← Pre-Slavic *lekti (“to spring, to hop”)
*moltъ (“hammer”) ← *melti (“to mold”)
*datъkъ (“levy”) ← **datъ ← *dati (“to give”)
*vitъkъ (“coil”) ← **vitъ ← *viti (“to wind, to curve”)
*ostatъkъ (“remainder”) ← **ostatъ ← *ostati (“to remain”)

Declension

Declension of *-tъ (hard o-stem)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*-tъ	*-ta	*-ti
Accusative	*-tъ	*-ta	*-ty
Genitive	*-ta	*-tu	*-tъ
Locative	*-tě	*-tu	*-těxъ
Dative	*-tu	*-toma	*-tomъ
Instrumental	-tъmь, -tomь^*	*-toma	*-ty
Vocative	*-te	*-ta	*-ti

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Derived terms