< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tǫžiti
Proto-Slavic
Etymology 1
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *tangīˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *tongʰ-éye-ti, éye-causative of *tengʰ- (“to pull back, be heavy”).
Verb
*tǫžiti
- to tense, to strain
Inflection
Conjugation of *tǫžiti, *tǫži, *tǫžitь (?, -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...
Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
---|---|---|---|
*tǫženьje | *tǫžiti | *tǫžitъ | *tǫžilъ |
Participles | ||
---|---|---|
Tense | Past | Present |
Passive | *tǫženъ | *tǫžimъ |
Active | *tǫžь | *tǫžę |
Aorist | Present | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
Singular | *tǫžixъ | *tǫži | *tǫži | *tǫžǫ | *tǫžiši | *tǫžitь |
Dual | *tǫžixově | *tǫžista | *tǫžiste | *tǫživě | *tǫžita | *tǫžite |
Plural | *tǫžixomъ | *tǫžiste | *tǫžišę | *tǫžimъ | *tǫžite | *tǫžętь |
Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
Singular | *tǫžaaxъ | *tǫžaaše | *tǫžaaše | — | *tǫži | *tǫži |
Dual | *tǫžaaxově | *tǫžaašeta | *tǫžaašete | *tǫživě | *tǫžita | — |
Plural | *tǫžaaxomъ | *tǫžaašete | *tǫžaaxǫ | *tǫžimъ | *tǫžite | — |
- Notes:
- (*)*tǫživъ is a later doublet of the past active participle
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Russian: ту́житься (túžitʹsja)
- Ukrainian: ту́житися (túžytysja)
- West Slavic:
- Czech: tužit
- Polish: tężyć
- Slovak: tužiť
- Sorbian:
- Upper Sorbian: tužić
Etymology 2
From *tǫga (“melancholy, sadness”) + *-ti.
Verb
*tǫžiti
- to long for, to yearn
Inflection
Conjugation of *tǫžiti, *tǫži, *tǫžitь (?, -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...
Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
---|---|---|---|
*tǫženьje | *tǫžiti | *tǫžitъ | *tǫžilъ |
Participles | ||
---|---|---|
Tense | Past | Present |
Passive | *tǫženъ | *tǫžimъ |
Active | *tǫžь | *tǫžę |
Aorist | Present | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
Singular | *tǫžixъ | *tǫži | *tǫži | *tǫžǫ | *tǫžiši | *tǫžitь |
Dual | *tǫžixově | *tǫžista | *tǫžiste | *tǫživě | *tǫžita | *tǫžite |
Plural | *tǫžixomъ | *tǫžiste | *tǫžišę | *tǫžimъ | *tǫžite | *tǫžętь |
Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
Singular | *tǫžaaxъ | *tǫžaaše | *tǫžaaše | — | *tǫži | *tǫži |
Dual | *tǫžaaxově | *tǫžaašeta | *tǫžaašete | *tǫživě | *tǫžita | — |
Plural | *tǫžaaxomъ | *tǫžaašete | *tǫžaaxǫ | *tǫžimъ | *tǫžite | — |
- Notes:
- (*)*tǫživъ is a later doublet of the past active participle
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: тужити (tužiti)
- Old Ruthenian: тужити (tužiti), тужыти (tužyti)
- Belarusian: ту́жыць (túžycʹ), ту́жіць (túžicʹ)
- Ukrainian: тужи́ти (tužýty)
- Russian: ту́жить (túžitʹ)
- Old Ruthenian: тужити (tužiti), тужыти (tužyti)
- Old East Slavic: тужити (tužiti)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Old Cyrillic: тѫжити (tǫžiti)
- Glagolitic: ⱅⱘⰶⰻⱅⰻ (tǫžiti)
- Bulgarian: тъжа (tǎža)
- Macedonian: тажи (taži)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: ту́жити
- Latin: túžiti
- Chakavian (Vrgada): tūžȉti
- Chakavian (Stinatz): tu:ž'it
- Kajkavian (Varaždin): tọ̃žiti
- Slovene: tožīti (tonal orthography)
- Rovte dialect (Črni vrh, Idrija): tȗəšť
- Lower Carniolan (Kostel dialect): ˈtọːžėt
- Old Church Slavonic:
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: túžiti
- Czech: toužit
- Old Polish: tążyć
- Slovak: túžiť
- Sorbian:
- Lower Sorbian: tužyś
- Upper Sorbian: tužić
- Old Czech: túžiti
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “ту́жить”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress