Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tǫča

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Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tǫča

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From a k-extension of Proto-Indo-European *tenH- (“to contract, to stretch”), akin to Lithuanian tánkus (“thick”), Proto-Germanic *þinhtaz (“tight, dense”).

Noun

*tǫ̀ča f[1][2]

1. (perhaps originally[2]) condensation, cumulation, thickening
2. (by abstraction) precipitation

   → downpour, inundation, storm (South Slavic)

   → rainy cloud (East Slavic)

   Synonym: *xmara

   → rainbow (West Slavic)

   Synonym: *dǫga

Declension

Declension of *tǫča (soft a-stem, accent paradigm a)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*tǫča	*tǫ̀či	*tǫ̀čę̇
Accusative	*tǫ̀čǫ	*tǫ̀či	*tǫ̀čę̇
Genitive	*tǫ̀čę̇	*tǫ̀ču	*tǫ̀čь
Locative	*tǫ̀čī	*tǫ̀ču	*tǫ̀čāsъ
Dative	*tǫ̀čī	*tǫ̀čama	*tǫ̀čāmъ
Instrumental	*tǫ̀čējǫ, *tǫ̀čǭ*	*tǫ̀čama	*tǫ̀čāmī
Vocative	*tǫ̀če	*tǫ̀či	*tǫ̀čę̇

^* The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Derived terms

• *tǫčiti (sę) (“to precipitate”)
• *tǫčьnъ (“abundant, copious”)

Related terms

• *tękati, *tęknǫti (“to captivate, to excite”)
• *tękъ (“appetite, captivation”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: ту́ча (túča)
    • Russian: ту́ча (túča)
    • Ukrainian: ту́ча (túča)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic: тѫча (tǫča)

    Glagolitic: ⱅⱘⱍⰰ (tǫča)

  • Bulgarian: ту́ча (túča), тъ́нча (tǎ́nča) (dialectal)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic: ту̏ча

    Latin: tȕča

  • Slovene: tọ́ča (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Polabian: tǫco
  • Old Polish: tęcza
    • Polish: tęcza
  • Sorbian:
    • Lower Sorbian: tuca
    • ⇒ Upper Sorbian: tučel, tučatka

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “туча”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
• “tankus”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012

References

1. Olander, Thomas (2001), “tǫča”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a (PR 132)”
2. Snoj, Marko (2016), “tọča”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar³ (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *tǫ̋ča”