< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tęžiti
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Denominal causative from *tęgъ (“traction”) + *-iti, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *tengʰ- (“to pull”).
In Bulgarian and Macedonian, this verb specifically covers telic actions, the atelic being reflected by the mixed ě/i-conjugation Proto-Slavic *tęžati (their present stems are identical). In the remaining languages, the verb is impefective.
Verb
*tęžìti[1]
- to weigh, to burden
- to struggle
Inflection
Conjugation of *tęžiti (perf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *tęženьje | *tęžiti | *tęžitъ | *tęžilъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *tęženъ | — |
| Active | *tęžь | — |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *tęžixъ | *tęži | *tęži | *tęžǫ | *tęžiši | *tęžitь |
| Dual | *tęžixově | *tęžista | *tęžiste | *tęživě | *tęžita | *tęžite |
| Plural | *tęžixomъ | *tęžiste | *tęžišę | *tęžimъ | *tęžite | *tęžętь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | — | — | — | — | *tęži | *tęži |
| Dual | — | — | — | *tęživě | *tęžita | — |
| Plural | — | — | — | *tęžimъ | *tęžite | — |
- Notes:
- (*)*tęživъ is later doublet of past active participle
- In perfective verbs, present expresses future
Conjugation of *tęžiti (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *tęženьje | *tęžiti | *tęžitъ | *tęžilъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *tęženъ | *tęžimъ |
| Active | *tęžь | *tęžę |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *tęžixъ | *tęži | *tęži | *tęžǫ | *tęžiši | *tęžitь |
| Dual | *tęžixově | *tęžista | *tęžiste | *tęživě | *tęžita | *tęžite |
| Plural | *tęžixomъ | *tęžiste | *tęžišę | *tęžimъ | *tęžite | *tęžętь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *tęžaaxъ | *tęžaaše | *tęžaaše | — | *tęži | *tęži |
| Dual | *tęžaaxově | *tęžaašeta | *tęžaašete | *tęživě | *tęžita | — |
| Plural | *tęžaaxomъ | *tęžaašete | *tęžaaxǫ | *tęžimъ | *tęžite | — |
- Notes:
- (*)*tęživъ is later doublet of past active participle
Related terms
- *tęgti, *tędzati (“to pull”)
- *tęžьkъ (“heavy”)
- *tęžestь (“wight”)
- *tǫga (“sadness, burden”)
- *tǫgъ (“tight, solid, tough”)
Derived terms
- *težina (“weight”)
- *težьba (“heaviness”)
- *teža (“heaviness, gravitation”)
Descendants
- South Slavic:
- Bulgarian: тѐжа (tѐža) (partially, rare)
- Macedonian: тежи (teži)(partially, rare)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: те́жити
- Latin: téžiti
- Slovene: težīti
- West Slavic:
- Czech: těžit (“to mine”)
- Polish: ciążyć
- Slovak: ťažiť
Further reading
- Todorov T., editor (2010), “тежа”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 7, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 889
References
- Snoj, Marko (2016), “tẹ́ža”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar, Ljubljana: Inštitut za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, →ISBN: “*tęži̋ti”