< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tvojь
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *twajas, from pre-Balto-Slavic *twoyos, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂. Cognate with Old Prussian twais and Latin tuus. Possessive pronoun for the second-person has been modeled after the possessive pronoun for the first-person *mojь (from Proto-Indo-European *moyos), and were all inflected like demonstratives.
Determiner
*tvojь
- thy, your
Declension
Declension of *tvojь (soft pronominal)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *tvojь | *tvoja | *tvoje |
| Accusative | *tvojь | *tvojǫ | *tvoje |
| Genitive | *tvojego | *tvojeję | *tvojego |
| Locative | *tvojemь | *tvojejь | *tvojemь |
| Dative | *tvojemu | *tvojejь | *tvojemu |
| Instrumental | *tvojimь | *tvojejǫ | *tvojimь |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *tvoja | *tvoji | *tvoji |
| Accusative | *tvoja | *tvoji | *tvoji |
| Genitive | *tvojeju | *tvojeju | *tvojeju |
| Locative | *tvojeju | *tvojeju | *tvojeju |
| Dative | *tvojima | *tvojima | *tvojima |
| Instrumental | *tvojima | *tvojima | *tvojima |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *tvoji | *tvoję | *tvoja |
| Accusative | *tvoję | *tvoję | *tvoja |
| Genitive | *tvojixъ | *tvojixъ | *tvojixъ |
| Locative | *tvojixъ | *tvojixъ | *tvojixъ |
| Dative | *tvojimъ | *tvojimъ | *tvojimъ |
| Instrumental | *tvojimi | *tvojimi | *tvojimi |
Declension of the personal pronouns
| Singular | 1st person | 2nd person | Reflexive |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *jãzъ, *jà | *ty̑ | — |
| Accusative | *mę̑ | *tę̑ | *sę̑ |
| Genitive | *mȅne | *tȅbe | *sȅbe |
| Locative | *mьně̀ | *tebě̀ | *sebě̀ |
| Dative | *mьně̀, *mi | *tebě̀, *ti | *sebě̀, *si |
| Instrumental | *mъnòjǫ, *mъnojǫ̀ | *tobòjǫ, *tobojǫ̀ | *sobòjǫ, *sobojǫ̀ |
| Possessive | *mojь | *tvojь | *svojь |
| Dual | 1st person | 2nd person | Reflexive |
| Nominative | *vě̑ | *vy̑ | — |
| Accusative | *nȃ | *vȃ | *sę̑ |
| Genitive | *nàju | *vàju | *sȅbe |
| Locative | *nàju | *vàju | *sebě̀ |
| Dative | *nàma, *na | *vàma, *va | *sebě̀, *si |
| Instrumental | *nàma | *vàma | *sobòjǫ, *sobojǫ̀ |
| Possessive | *našь | *vašь | *svojь |
| Plural | 1st person | 2nd person | Reflexive |
| Nominative | *my̑ | *vy̑ | — |
| Accusative | *ny̑ | *vy̑ | *sę̑ |
| Genitive | *nàsъ | *vàsъ | *sȅbe |
| Locative | *nàsъ | *vàsъ | *sebě̀ |
| Dative | *nàmъ, *ny | *vàmъ, *vy | *sebě̀, *si |
| Instrumental | *nàmi | *vàmi | *sobòjǫ, *sobojǫ̀ |
| Possessive | *našь | *vašь | *svojь |
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: твои (tvoi)
- Belarusian: твой (tvoj)
- Russian: твой (tvoj)
- Ukrainian: твій (tvij)
- Old East Slavic: твои (tvoi)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Old Cyrillic: твои (tvoi)
- Glagolitic: ⱅⰲⱁⰹ (tvoi)
- Bulgarian: твой (tvoj)
- Macedonian: твој (tvoj)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: тво̑ј
- Latin: tvȏj
- Slovene: tvọ́j (tonal orthography)
- Old Church Slavonic:
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: tvój
- Czech: tvůj
- Bohemian (Chod dialect): tvuj
- Czech: tvůj
- Kashubian: twój
- Old Polish: twój
- Polish: twój
- Slovak: tvoj
- Sorbian:
- Upper Sorbian: twój
- Lower Sorbian: twój
- Old Czech: tvój
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “твой”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress