< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/trepati
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *trep- (“to thread”), perhaps derived/reanalyzed from Proto-Balto-Slavic *treptei (“to stomp, to swing”) (cf. obsolete Lithuanian trepti (“to tramp”)), whence Lithuanian trepénti, trepsė́ti (“to stomp”) (with desiderative-causative extension), Latvian trepêt (“to weather out”), Old Prussian ertreppa (“to cross”). Furhter akin to Ancient Greek τραπέω (trapéō, “to squeeze”), Latin trepidus (“agitated”), Sanskrit तृप्र (tṛprá, “unstable”).
Verb
*trepàti impf (perfective *trepnǫti)[1]
- (transitive) to jerk?, to twitch?, to yank?
- Synonyms: *dьrgati, *śěpati
- (transitive) to scutch?, to swingle?
Inflection
Conjugation of *trepati, *trepa, *trepľetь (impf., -a/j-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Suffix: *-ati
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *trepanьje | *trepati | *trepatъ | *trepalъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *trepanъ | *trepľemъ |
| Active | *trepavъ | *trepľę |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *trepaxъ | *trepa | *trepa | *trepľǫ | *trepľeši | *trepľetь |
| Dual | *trepaxově | *trepasta | *trepaste | *trepľevě | *trepľeta | *trepľete |
| Plural | *trepaxomъ | *trepaste | *trepašę | *trepľemъ | *trepľete | *trepľǫtь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *trepaaxъ | *trepaaše | *trepaaše | — | *trepľi | *trepľi |
| Dual | *trepaaxově | *trepaašeta | *trepaašete | *trepľivě | *trepľita | — |
| Plural | *trepaaxomъ | *trepaašete | *trepaaxǫ | *trepľimъ | *trepľite | — |
Conjugation of *trepati, *trepa, *trepajetь (impf., -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Suffix: *-ati
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *trepanьje | *trepati | *trepatъ | *trepalъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *trepanъ | *trepajemъ |
| Active | *trepavъ | *trepaję |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *trepaxъ | *trepa | *trepa | *trepajǫ | *trepaješi | *trepajetь |
| Dual | *trepaxově | *trepasta | *trepaste | *trepajevě | *trepajeta | *trepajete |
| Plural | *trepaxomъ | *trepaste | *trepašę | *trepajemъ | *trepajete | *trepajǫtь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *trepaaxъ | *trepaaše | *trepaaše | — | *trepaji | *trepaji |
| Dual | *trepaaxově | *trepaašeta | *trepaašete | *trepajivě | *trepajita | — |
| Plural | *trepaaxomъ | *trepaašete | *trepaaxǫ | *trepajimъ | *trepajite | — |
Derived terms
- *trepačь (agent noun)
- >? *trepeto (“sift”) (in East Slavic)
Related terms
noun
- *trepetъ
verbs
- *treperiti
- *trepetati
- *tropati
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: трепати (trepati)
- Belarusian: трепа́ць (trjepácʹ)
- Russian: трепа́ть (trepátʹ)
- Ukrainian: трепа́ти (trepáty)
- Old East Slavic: трепати (trepati)
- South Slavic:
- Bulgarian: тре́пя (trépja), dial. тре́пам (trépam)
- Slovene: trépati, trepáti (tonal orthography)
- ⇒ Slovene: trepljáti
- West Slavic:
- Czech: třepat
- Old Polish: trzepać
- Polish: trzepać
- Slovak: trepať
- Sorbian:
- Lower Sorbian: tśapaś, tśepaś
- Upper Sorbian: třepać
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “трепа́ть”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- “trepenti”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012
References
- Snoj, Marko (2016), “trepati”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar3 (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *trepa̋ti”