< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tratiti
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Causative from *trata + *-iti, likely akin to Lithuanian trótinti (“to tease, to agitate”), Samogitian trúotas (“grindstone”), Latvian trũots (“grindstone”). Outside of Balto-Slavic, perhaps cognate with Gothic 𐌸𐍂𐍉𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽 (þrōþjan, “to exercise”) (Proto-Germanic *þrōþijaną).
Commonly compared with *terti (“to rub”) from Proto-Indo-European *terh₁- (“to rub, to twist”). Phonetically more compatible with Proto-Indo-European *treh₃- (“to harm, to gnaw”) (whence Ancient Greek τῐτρώσκω (titrṓskō, “to hurt”)).
Verb
*tra̋titi impf[1]
- (perhaps originally[1]) to shatter, to wreck, to crumble
- (figurative) to waste, to lose
- Synonym: *xabiti
Conjugation
Conjugation of *tratiti, *trati, *tratitь (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *traťenьje | *tratiti | *tratitъ | *tratilъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *traťenъ | *tratimъ |
| Active | *traťь | *tratę |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *tratixъ | *trati | *trati | *traťǫ | *tratiši | *tratitь |
| Dual | *tratixově | *tratista | *tratiste | *trativě | *tratita | *tratite |
| Plural | *tratixomъ | *tratiste | *tratišę | *tratimъ | *tratite | *tratętь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *traťaaxъ | *traťaaše | *traťaaše | — | *trati | *trati |
| Dual | *traťaaxově | *traťaašeta | *traťaašete | *trativě | *tratita | — |
| Plural | *traťaaxomъ | *traťaašete | *traťaaxǫ | *tratimъ | *tratite | — |
- Notes:
- (*)*trativъ is a later doublet of the past active participle
Related terms
- *tratati (“to prosecute”) (a/j-conj.)
- *trata (“wreckage, waste”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Belarusian: тра́ціць (trácicʹ)
- Russian: тра́тить (trátitʹ)
- Ukrainian: тра́тити (trátyty)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Old Cyrillic: тратити (tratiti)
- Glagolitic: ⱅⱃⰰⱅⰻⱅⰻ (tratiti)
- Bulgarian: тра́тя (trátja) (obsolete)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: тра̏тити
- Latin: trȁtiti
- Slovene: trátiti
- Old Church Slavonic:
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: tratiti
- Czech: tratit
- Bohemian (Chod dialect): tratit
- Moravian (Mistřice): traťit
- Czech: tratit
- Old Polish: tracić
- Polish: tracić
- Slovak: tratiť
- Old Czech: tratiti
- Non-Slavic:
- → Lithuanian: trõtyti (“to waste”)
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “трата”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- “truotas”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012
References
- Snoj, Marko (2016), “tratiti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar3 (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *tra̋titi”