< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tokъ
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *takas, from Proto-Indo-European *tokʷos, from *tekʷ- (“to run, flow”). Equivalent to *teťi (“to flow, run”) + *-ъ.
Baltic cognates includeLithuanian tãkas (“footpath, path”),Latvian taks (“footpath, path”)
Indo-European cognates includeAvestan 𐬙𐬀𐬐𐬀 (taka, “course”)
Noun
*tȍkъ m[1]
- current, course, stream
Inflection
Declension of *tȍkъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm c)
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | *tȍkъ | *tȍka | *tȍci |
Accusative | *tȍkъ | *tȍka | *tȍky |
Genitive | *tȍka | *tokù | *tòkъ |
Locative | *tȍcě | *tokù | *tocě̃xъ |
Dative | *tȍku | *tokomà | *tokòmъ |
Instrumental | *tȍkъmь, *tȍkomь* | *tokomà | *toký |
Vocative | *toče | *tȍka | *tȍci |
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: токъ (tokŭ)
- Belarusian: ток (tok)
- Russian: ток (tok)
- Ukrainian: тік (tik)
- Old East Slavic: токъ (tokŭ)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Cyrillic: токъ (tokŭ)
- Glagolitic: ⱅⱁⰽⱏ (tokŭ)
- Bulgarian: ток (tok)
- Macedonian: ток (tok)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: то̑к
- Latin: tȏk
- Slovene: tọ̑k (tonal orthography)
- Old Church Slavonic:
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: tok
- Czech: tok
- Old Polish: tok
- Polish: tok
- Slovak: tok
- Sorbian:
- Upper Sorbian:
- Lower Sorbian: tok
- Old Czech: tok
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “ток”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Chernykh, P. (1993), “течь”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), 3rd edition, Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 243
- Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1912), “токъ”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments] (in Russian), volume 3: Р – Ꙗ и дополненія, Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 973
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*tȏkъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 494