Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-teľь
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Compounded from the original athematic suffix *-tel- (still preserved in *dętelъ, *dętьlъ (“woodpecker”) and *dętelъ (“clover”)) and *-jь. Traces of the original consonantal-stem inflection are well preserved in plural forms, such as the Old Church Slavonic nominative plural -е (-e) / -ⰵ (-e), but genitive plural -ъ (-ŭ) / -ⱏ (-ŭ)).
*-tel- formant probably continues Proto-Indo-European *-ter-, most likely as a result of dissimilation in words such as *orteľь (“plower”) < *or-tel- < *or-ter-. The alternation l : r could also be inherited, because it is already found in Proto-Indo-European, not only in common words, but also in other suffixes, such as *-tlom : *-trom, *-dʰlom : *-dʰrom, which form nomina instrumenti.
Compare *-dlo.
Suffix
*-teľь m
- Deverbative, forms agent nouns from the infinitive/aorist stem. Equivalent to English -er.
- *dati (“to give”) → *dateľь (“donor, giver”)
- *žęti → *žęteľь (“harvester, cropper”)
- *bľusti (“to be awake; watch”) → *bľustiteľь (“guard, guardian, sentry”)
- *prositi (“to ask; beg”) → *prositeľь (“beggar”)
- *dělati (“to do”) → *dělateľь (“worker”)
- *prijati (“to favor, please; be favorable”) → *prijateľь (“friend”)
Declension
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | *-teľь | *-teľa | *-teľi |
Accusative | *-teľь | *-teľa | *-teľę̇ |
Genitive | *-teľa | *-teľu | *-teľь |
Locative | *-teľi | *-teľu | *-teľixъ |
Dative | *-teľu | *-teľema | *-teľemъ |
Instrumental | *-teľьmь, *-teľemь* | *-teľema | *-teľi |
Vocative | *-teľu | *-teľa | *-teľi |
Derived terms
Synonyms
- (semantically similar): *-ařь
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: -тєль (-telĭ)
- Belarusian: -цель (-cjelʹ)
- Russian: -тель (-telʹ)
- Ukrainian: -тель (-telʹ)
- Old East Slavic: -тєль (-telĭ)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Cyrillic: -тєл҄ь (-telʹĭ)
- Glagolitic: -ⱅⰵⰾⱐ (-telĭ)
- Bulgarian: -тел (-tel)
- Macedonian: -тел (-tel)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: -тељ
- Latin: -telj
- Slovene: -telj
- Old Church Slavonic:
- West Slavic:
- Czech: -tel
- Kashubian: -cél
- Polish: -ciel
- Slovak: -teľ
- Sorbian:
- Lower Sorbian: -śel
- Upper Sorbian: -ćel
References
- Šekli, Matej (2012), “Besedotvorni pomeni samostalniških izpeljank v praslovanščini”, in Philological Studies (in Slovene), volume 10, issue 1, Skopje, Perm, Ljubljana, Zagreb, pages 115–32
- Halla-aho, Jussi (2006) Problems of Proto-Slavic Historical Nominal Morphology: On the Basis of Old Church Slavic (Slavica Helsingiensia; 26), Helsinki: University of Helsinki, page 28ff
- Sławski, Franciszek, editor (1976), “*-teľь”, in Słownik prasłowiański [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in Polish), volume 2 (caca – davьnota), Wrocław: National Ossoliński Institute, page 50