Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/terti

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Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/terti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *térˀtei / *tírˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *terh₁- (“to rub”). Cognates with Lithuanian tìrti (“to investigate”), trìnti (“to rub”) and Latvian trĩt (“to sharpen”).

Verb

*tèrti impf[1][2]

1. to rub, to scrape
2. to polish

Inflection

Conjugation of *terti, *ter, *tьretь (impf., -C-, s-aorist, accent paradigm b)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*tьrtьje	*terti	*tertъ	*tьrlъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*tьrtъ	*tьromъ
Active	*tьrъ	*tьry

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*terxъ	*ter	*ter	*tьrǫ	*tьreši	*tьretь
Dual	*terxově	*tersta	*terste	*tьrevě	*tьreta	*tьrete
Plural	*terxomъ	*terste	*teršę	*tьremъ	*tьrete	*tьrǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*tьrěaxъ	*tьrěaše	*tьrěaše	—	*tьri	*tьri
Dual	*tьrěaxově	*tьrěašeta	*tьrěašete	*tьrěvě	*tьrěta	—
Plural	*tьrěaxomъ	*tьrěašete	*tьrěaxǫ	*tьrěmъ	*tьrěte	—

Notes:
• (*)*tьrenъ is doublet of past passive participle

Alternative forms

• *tьrti[3] (in Serbo-Croatian, Ukrainian, Belarussian)
• *tirati (iterative-intensive form)

Derived terms

• *tьrlo, *tirlo (“spawning ground”)
• *těrati (“to seek, to chase”)

Related terms

• *tryti (“to rub”), *tъrkati (“to throb, to prod; to rub”)
• *torъ (“paddock, rut”)
  • *toriti (“to tread, to make way”)
• *tьrnъ (“thorn”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic:
    • Belarusian: це́рці (cjérci)
    • Russian: тере́ть (terétʹ)
    • Ukrainian: те́рти (térty)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic: трѣти (trěti)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic: тр̏ти

    Latin: tȑti

    • Chakavian (Vrgada): tȑti
    • Chakavian (Orbanići): tȑt
  • Slovene: trẹ́ti (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: třieti
    • Czech: třít
  • Kashubian: trzéc
  • Old Polish: trzeć
    • Polish: trzeć
  • Silesian: trzić
  • Slovak: trieť
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: trěć
    • Lower Sorbian: trěś

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “тере́ть”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
• Chernykh, P. (1993), “тере́ть”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), 3rd edition, Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 237
• терти in Горох.ua (Етимологія)
• “tirti”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012

References

1. Derksen, Rick (2008), “*tèrti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 491: “v. ‘rub’”
2. Snoj, Marko (2016), “trẹ́ti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar³ (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “*te̋rti, sed. *tьrǫ̋”
3. Olander, Thomas (2001), “tьrti: tьr[jǫ tьr[j]etь]”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b ? (SA 203, 212f., 248f.; PR 136)”