< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/sьčava
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Alternative forms
- (sorrel): *sьčavъ m, *sьčavь m, *sьčavьjь m, *sьčьjь m, *sьčavьľь m, *sьčaľь m, *sьčakъ m, *sьčavьje n, *sьčaga f, *sьčagъľь m
- (tanning liquor): possibly already *sьčavina
Etymology
From *sьkati, *sьcati (“to piss”), because one tanned with urine, + *-ava.
Noun
*sьčava f
- tanning liquor
- juice from any plant under the condition that it is somehow pungent
- sorrel, dock
Inflection
Declension of *sьčava (hard a-stem)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *sьčava | *sьčavě | *sьčavy |
| Accusative | *sьčavǫ | *sьčavě | *sьčavy |
| Genitive | *sьčavy | *sьčavu | *sьčavъ |
| Locative | *sьčavě | *sьčavu | *sьčavasъ, *sьčavaxъ* |
| Dative | *sьčavě | *sьčavama | *sьčavamъ |
| Instrumental | *sьčavojǫ, *sьčavǫ** | *sьčavama | *sьčavami |
| Vocative | *sьčavo | *sьčavě | *sьčavy |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Derived terms
- *sьčavьnъ (“sour, pungent, tanning”)
- Old East Slavic: щавьныи (ščavĭnyj, “sour”)[1]
- Middle Russian: щавьнь (ščavʹnʹ, “sour”) (15-17ᵗʰ cent.)
- Old East Slavic: щавьныи (ščavĭnyj, “sour”)[1]
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Belarusian: шча́ўе (ščáŭje, “sorrel”); шчаў (ščaŭ), шчагу́н (ščahún) (dialectal)
- Russian: ща́ве́ль (ščávélʹ, “sorrel”); щаве́й (ščavéj) (dialectal)
- Ukrainian: щаве́ль (ščavélʹ, “sorrel”); ща́ва́ (ščává), щаве́й (ščavéj), щаві́й (ščavíj), ща́вка (ščávka), щаву́х (ščavúx), щав'я́н (ščavʺján), ща́ва́ (ščává, “also means a kind of sour liquid for preparing clothes for dyeing and sour mineral water”) (dialectal)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Old Cyrillic: щавъ m (štavŭ, “sorrel”)
- Glagolitic: ⱋⰰⰲⱏ m (štavŭ, “sorrel”)
- Bulgarian: ща́ва (štáva, “tanning liquor, tanning acid”), also щавина (štavina, “sorrel”) in this meaning, щаве́л (štavél, “sorrel”), and ще́ва (štéva) is an unidentified kind of poisonous plant
- Macedonian: штава (štava, “tanning liquor”)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Latin: štȁva, štȁvina (“tanning liquor”) (archaic, regional), štávalj, štávelj; štav, štavje, ščavje, šćavlje, štavlje, štavlja, štavljak, staglina, šavje (“sorrel”) (dialectal)
- Cyrillic: шта̏ва, шта̏вина (“tanning liquor”) (archaic, regional), шта́ваљ, шта́вељ; штав, штавје, шчавје, шћавље, штавље, штавља, штављак, стаглина, шавје (“sorrel”) (dialectal)
- Slovene: ščȃv, ščávje (“sorrel”), ščáva (“sorrel; swill, slops, pig fodder”), ščávəlj (“sorrel”), ščȃvje (“sorrel”)
- Old Church Slavonic:
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: ščáva
- Czech: šťáva (“sap, juice, gravy”), also šťava, šťavina in this meaning, šťavel (“oxalis”), šťovík (“sorrel”)
- Bohemian (Chod dialect): šťáva
- Czech: šťáva (“sap, juice, gravy”), also šťava, šťavina in this meaning, šťavel (“oxalis”), šťovík (“sorrel”)
- Kashubian: ščava (“sorrel”), ščåle pl (“human urine”)
- Old Polish: szczaw
- Polish: szczaw (“sorrel”) of which the genitive is soft szczawiu, szczawa (“sour natural mineral water”), szczawik (“sorrel; oxalis”), szczal, szczagiel, szczój (“sorrel”), szczel (“urine”)
- Slovak: šťáva, šťava (“sap, juice”), štiava (“sap; sorrel”), šťav, štiav, štiaľ, ščav (“sorrel”) (dialectal)
- → Hungarian: csáva (“tanning liquor”)
- Slovincian: ščãvă (“whey; sorrel”)
- Sorbian:
- Lower Sorbian: šćaw (“sorrel”)
- Upper Sorbian: šćehel (“sorrel”)
- Old Czech: ščáva
References
- Boryś, Wiesław (1976) Etymologie słowiańskie i polskie. Wybór studiów z okazji 45-lecia pracy naukowej (in Polish), Warsaw: Slawistyczny ośrodek wydawniczy, published 2007, →ISBN, pages 53–70 = Rocznik Slawistyczny XXXVII, pages 47–63
- Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1982–2012), “ща́ва́”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
- Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1912), “щавьныи”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments] (in Russian), volume 3: Р – Ꙗ и дополненія, Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 1605