< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/stukъ
Proto-Slavic
Alternative reconstructions
- *stǫkъ
Etymology
Either onomatopoeic or from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tew- (“to beat, to strike”) + *-kъ.
Compare Latvian stukât (“to walk with small steps (for children)”), Lithuanian stū́koti (“to knock, to pound”) (with accute perhaps due to influence from stū́gti).
Forms with nasal vocalism (in West Slavic) may be instead from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ten- (“to thunder, to groan”), whence Proto-Slavic *stonъ.
Noun
*stukъ m[1]
- knock, crack, tap (loud harsh noise)
- Synonyms: (onomatopoeic) *bukъ, *pukъ, *čukъ, *krokotъ
Declension
Declension of *stȗkъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm c)
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | *stȗkъ | *stȗka | *stȗci |
Accusative | *stȗkъ | *stȗka | *stȗky |
Genitive | *stȗka | *stukù | *stũkъ |
Locative | *stȗcě | *stukù | *stucě̃xъ |
Dative | *stȗku | *stukomà | *stukòmъ |
Instrumental | *stȗkъmь, *stȗkomь* | *stukomà | *stuký |
Vocative | *stuče | *stȗka | *stȗci |
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.
Derived terms
- *stukati, *stuknǫti (“to knock, to tap”)
- *stukačь (“knocker, pecker (agent)”)
- *stukadlo (“knocker, hammer (tool)”)
- *stukotъ (“sound of tapping”)
- *perstukъ
- *postukъ
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: стукъ (stukŭ)
- Belarusian: стук (stuk)
- Russian: стук (stuk)
- ⇒ пересту́к (perestúk), просту́к (prostúk)
- Ukrainian: стук (stuk)
- ⇒ пере́стук (peréstuk), по́стук (póstuk)
- Old East Slavic: стукъ (stukŭ)
- South Slavic:
- Serbian Church Slavonic: стоукъ (stukŭ, “ring”)
- West Slavic:
- Polish: stuk, stęk
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “стук”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Melnychuk, O. S., editor (2006), “стук”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 5 (Р – Т), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, →ISBN, page 458
- “stūgti”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012
References
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “stukъ (stǫkъ)”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c (RPT 97)”