Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/stuga

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Per Skok, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewg-, a g-extension of *(s)tew- (“to pound, to strike”).

In Czech, Slovak, there is attested stuha (“ribbon”), which Vasmer derives from unrelated Proto-Slavic *sъtǫga (“knot, splice”) whence Old East Slavic сътуга (sŭtuga), Russian стуга (stuga, “conjoint”).

Noun

*stuga f

cavity, crack, hollow structure
(perhaps) small land depression, groove → mire (in dialectal East Slavic)

Declension

Declension of *stuga (hard a-stem)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*stuga	*studzě	*stugy
Accusative	*stugǫ	*studzě	*stugy
Genitive	*stugy	*stugu	*stugъ
Locative	*studzě	*stugu	stugasъ, stugaxъ^*
Dative	*studzě	*stugama	*stugamъ
Instrumental	stugojǫ, stugǫ^**	*stugama	*stugami
Vocative	*stugo	*studzě	*stugy

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Descendants

East Slavic:
- ⇒ Old East Slavic: Сту́гна (Stúgna, “Stuhna river”) (hydronym)
- >? Ukrainian: сту́га (stúha, “mire, peat swamp”) (dialectal)
South Slavic:
- ⇒ Bulgarian: сту́глица (stúglica, “node in a tree”) (dialectal)
- Serbo-Croatian: (obsolete, historical)
  Cyrillic: сту̏га (“type of hollow container”)
  Latin: stȕga, strùglina (“wooden trough”) (dialectal)