Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/struna

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Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/struna

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Uncertain. The two main hypotheses are:

• From Proto-Indo-European *sterh₁- (“to streak, to strip”)[1], akin to *strěla (“arrow”), possibly from an unattested *-uti derivative *struti (“to strain”) +‎ *-nъ +‎ *-a. If correct, then the Slavic lemma would be a cognate with Proto-Germanic *strinô (“strip, strand”).
• From Proto-Indo-European *srew- (“to flow, to stream”) (possibly *strew- (“to strew”)), akin to Proto-Slavic *struja, *struga (“stream”), either via the earlier form *strugna or (according to Vasmer) *strugsna. Neither form is phonetically satisfactory.

Noun

*strùna f[2][1]

1. string (of a musical instrument)

   Synonyms: *postornъkъ, *vьrvь

Declension

Declension of *strùna (hard a-stem, accent paradigm a)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*strùna	*strùně	*strùny
Accusative	*strùnǫ	*strùně	*strùny
Genitive	*strùny	*strùnu	*strùnъ
Locative	*strùně	*strùnu	*strùnasъ, *strùnaxъ*
Dative	*strùně	*strùnama	*strùnamъ
Instrumental	*strùnojǫ, *strùnǭ**	*strùnama	*strùnamī
Vocative	*strùno	*strùně	*strùny

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Derived terms

• *strunьnъ (“stringed”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: струна (struna)
    • Belarusian: струна́ (struná)
    • Russian: струна́ (struná)
    • Ukrainian: струна́ (struná)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic: строуна (struna)
  • Bulgarian: стру́на́ (strúná)
  • Macedonian: струна (struna)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic: стру̏на

    Latin: strȕna

  • Slovene: strúna (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: struna
    • Czech: struna
  • Polish: struna
  • Slovak: struna
  • Sorbian:
    • Lower Sorbian: tšuna
    • Upper Sorbian: truna
• → Yiddish: סטרונע‎ (strune) (from an indeterminate Slavic language)

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “струна́”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
• Todorov T., editor (2010), “струна”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 7, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 507

References

1. Snoj, Marko (2016), “struna”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar³ (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “*strűna”
2. Olander, Thomas (2001), “struna”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a (PR 132)”