< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/stopa
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Unclear; possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tep- (“to trample”) (whence also *tepti (“to beat”), *stepь (“steppe”)) or *(s)temp- (“to stamp”) (whence *stǫpa (“piston, mortar”)) with irregular loss of nasalization.
Vasmer, Ivanov additionally consider potential relation to Sanskrit स्थापयति (sthāpayati, “to uphold, to set up”) (< *sth₂- + *-op-), which has been alternatively compared with South Slavic *stopanъ (“landlord”), Lithuanian pãstapas (“column, stand”), stapýti (“to stand still”).
Noun
*stōpà f[1][2]
- foot
- Synonym: *nogà
- footprint, footstep, trace
- Synonyms: *pętьno, *slě̑dъ, *tropъ
Inflection
Declension of *stopà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm b)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *stopà | *stòpě | *stopỳ |
| Accusative | *stopǫ̀ | *stòpě | *stopỳ |
| Genitive | *stopỳ | *stopù | *stòpъ |
| Locative | *stopě̀ | *stopù | *stopàsъ, *stopàxъ* |
| Dative | *stopě̀ | *stopàma | *stopàmъ |
| Instrumental | *stopòjǫ, *stòpǫ** | *stopàma | *stopàmī |
| Vocative | *stopo | *stòpě | *stopỳ |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Related terms
noun
- *stepenь
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: стопа (stopa)
- Russian: стопа́ (stopá)
- Ukrainian: стопа́ (stopá)
- Old East Slavic: стопа (stopa)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Old Cyrillic: стопа (stopa)
- Glagolitic: ⱄⱅⱁⱂⰰ (stopa)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: сто̀па
- Latin: stòpa
- Slovene: stópa (tonal orthography)
- Old Church Slavonic:
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: stopa
- Czech: stopa
- Old Polish: stopa
- Polish: stopa
- Slovak: stopa
- Sorbian:
- Lower Sorbian: stopa
- Upper Sorbian: stopa
- Old Czech: stopa
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “стопа́”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Todorov T., editor (2010), “стопанин”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 7, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 477
- “stapýtis”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012
References
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “stopa stopy”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b fod(spor) (PR 135)”
- Snoj, Marko (2016), “stopa”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar3 (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *stopa̋”