Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/stolъ

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Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/stolъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *stála (“table; seat, chair”), generally viewed as a derivative of *stati (“to stand”) +‎ *-elъ. Analogous to Proto-Germanic *stōlaz (full-grade), whence Old East Slavic стулъ (stulŭ, “chair”) via Old Norse or early Low German.

In the past, a relation to Proto-Slavic *stelti, *stьlati (“to spread, to lay”) was considered (e.g. by Mladenov, Machek), with possible cognates Ancient Greek στήλη (stḗlē, “stone block”), στῦλος (stûlos, “pillar”). Nowadays, usually dismissed.

Noun

*stòlъ m[1][2][3]

1. seat (chair or stool)

   Synonyms: *krěslo, *sědědlo

2. table, stall (possibly secondary)
3. throne
4. residence (Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this sense?)

Declension

Declension of *stòlъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm b)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*stòlъ	*stolà	*stolì
Accusative	*stòlъ	*stolà	*stolỳ
Genitive	*stolà	*stolù	*stòlъ
Locative	*stolě̀	*stolù	*stòlěxъ
Dative	*stolù	*stolòma	*stolòmъ
Instrumental	*stolъ̀mь, *stolòmь*	*stolòma	*stòly
Vocative	*stole	*stolà	*stolì

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

In Czech, Polish:

Declension of *stòlъ (u-stem, accent paradigm b)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*stòlъ	*stolỳ	*stolòve
Accusative	*stòlъ	*stolỳ	*stolỳ
Genitive	*stolù	*stolòvu	*stolòvъ
Locative	*stòlu	*stolòvu	*stolъ̀xъ
Dative	*stolòvi	*stòlъma	*stolъ̀mъ
Instrumental	*stolъ̀mь	*stòlъma	*stòlъmī
Vocative	*stolu	*stolỳ	*stolòve

Derived terms

• Nouns:
  • *nastolъ (“stall, stand”)
  • *perstolъ (“throne”)
  • *stolařь (“chair/furniture-maker”)
  • *stolę, *stolьčę (diminutive)
  • *stolikъ, *stolьcь (“stool”)
  • *stolìca (“principal site, cathedra”)
  • *stolina (“bench”)
  • *stolьje
    • *zastolьje (“place for seating”)
    • *podъstolьje (“foundation for seating”)
• Adjectives:
  • *stolovъ (relational adjective)
    • *stolovatъ, *stolovatьnъ
    • *stolovitъ
    • *stolovъkъ
    • *stolovьnъ
  • *stolьnъ
    • *stolьnina, *stolьnica (“throneroom, court”)
    • *stolьnikъ (“courtier”)

Related terms

Proto-Slavic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *steh₂-‎ (0 c, 12 e)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: столъ (stolŭ)
    • Old Ruthenian: столъ (stol)
      • Belarusian: стол (stol)
      • Rusyn: стул (stul)
      • Ukrainian: стіл (stil)
    • Russian: стол (stol) (see there for further descendants)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic: столъ (stolŭ)

    Glagolitic: ⱄⱅⱁⰾⱏ (stolŭ)

  • Bulgarian: стол (stol)
  • Macedonian: стол (stol)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic: сто̑л, сто̑

    Latin: stȏl, stȏ

  • Slovene: stȍł (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: stól
    • Czech: stůl
  • Kashubian: stół
  • Old Polish: stół
    • Polish: stół
  • Slovak: stôl
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: stoł
    • Lower Sorbian: stoł

• Non-Slavic:
  • → Albanian: stol
  • → Hungarian: asztal (“table”)
    • → Serbo-Croatian: àstāl / а̀ста̄л

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “стол”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
• Todorov T., editor (2010), “стол¹”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 7, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 472

References

1. Derksen, Rick (2008), “*stòlъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 468
2. Olander, Thomas (2001), “stolъ stola”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b table, chair (NA 118; SA 146f., 172, 177; PR 134)”
3. Snoj, Marko (2016), “stol”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar³ (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *stolъ̏”