< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/stojiti
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Denominal from Proto-Slavic *stojь + *-iti.
The South Slavic descendants are used in parallel to the imperfective Proto-Slavic *stojati to denote punctual events. The East Slavic forms have been reinterpreted as imperfective around 18 cent., probably under the influence of Polish stać (“to cost, to be worth”), a calque of German kosten.
Verb
*stojiti pf (imperfective *stojati)
- (intransitive) to transpire, to take place/effect
- (transitive) to adjust, to bring in position
- (reflexive) to bring oneself under some condition
Conjugation
Conjugation of *stojiti (perf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...
Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
---|---|---|---|
*stojenьje | *stojiti | *stojitъ | *stojilъ |
Participles | ||
---|---|---|
Tense | Past | Present |
Passive | *stojenъ | — |
Active | *stojь | — |
Aorist | Present | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
Singular | *stojixъ | *stoji | *stoji | *stojǫ | *stojiši | *stojitь |
Dual | *stojixově | *stojista | *stojiste | *stojivě | *stojita | *stojite |
Plural | *stojixomъ | *stojiste | *stojišę | *stojimъ | *stojite | *stojętь |
Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
Singular | — | — | — | — | *stoji | *stoji |
Dual | — | — | — | *stojivě | *stojita | — |
Plural | — | — | — | *stojimъ | *stojite | — |
- Notes:
- (*)*stojivъ is later doublet of past active participle
- In perfective verbs, present expresses future
Later:
Conjugation of *stojiti (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...
Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
---|---|---|---|
*stojenьje | *stojiti | *stojitъ | *stojilъ |
Participles | ||
---|---|---|
Tense | Past | Present |
Passive | *stojenъ | *stojimъ |
Active | *stojь | *stoję |
Aorist | Present | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
Singular | *stojixъ | *stoji | *stoji | *stojǫ | *stojiši | *stojitь |
Dual | *stojixově | *stojista | *stojiste | *stojivě | *stojita | *stojite |
Plural | *stojixomъ | *stojiste | *stojišę | *stojimъ | *stojite | *stojętь |
Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
Singular | *stojaaxъ | *stojaaše | *stojaaše | — | *stoji | *stoji |
Dual | *stojaaxově | *stojaašeta | *stojaašete | *stojivě | *stojita | — |
Plural | *stojaaxomъ | *stojaašete | *stojaaxǫ | *stojimъ | *stojite | — |
- Notes:
- (*)*stojivъ is later doublet of past active participle
Related terms
► <a href='/wiki/Category:Proto-Slavic_terms_derived_from_the_PIE_root_*steh%E2%82%82-' title='Category:Proto-Slavic terms derived from the PIE root *steh₂-'>Proto-Slavic terms derived from the PIE root *steh₂-</a> (0 c, 12 e)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Russian: сто́ить (stóitʹ, “to cost, to be worth”)
- Ukrainian: сто́ïти (stóïty, “to cost, to be worth”)
- South Slavic:
- Bulgarian: стоя̀ (stojà), сто̀вам (stòvam, “to get involved, to become”) (rare, dialectal)
- ⇒ Bulgarian: съ̀стоя (sǎ̀stoja, “to take place”), застоя̀ (zastojà, “to fixate, to immobilize”)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: стоити (rare)
- Latin: stojiti (rare)
- Bulgarian: стоя̀ (stojà), сто̀вам (stòvam, “to get involved, to become”) (rare, dialectal)
Further reading
- Šanskij, N. M. (2004), “стоить”, in Školʹnyj etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [School Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Drofa
- Todorov T., editor (2010), “стоя”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 7, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 480