< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/stojati
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From earlier *stojěti, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *stajḗˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand”) + *-ěti.
Perhaps a denominal stative (called "essive" in LIV[1]) derived from an earlier participle stem or from a "Balto-Slavic stative derivative"[2][3] related to the original Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti stative suffix. Parallel to Proto-Slavic *stajati.
Cognate with Proto-Italic *staēō.
Verb
*stojàti impf[4][5][6]
- (stative) to stand
Conjugation
Conjugation of *stojati, *stoja, *stojitь (impf., intr., -ě/i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)
Suffix: *-ěti
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *stojanьje | *stojati | *stojatъ | *stojalъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | — | — |
| Active | *stojavъ | *stoję |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *stojaxъ | *stoja | *stoja | *stojǫ | *stojiši | *stojitь |
| Dual | *stojaxově | *stojasta | *stojaste | *stojivě | *stojita | *stojite |
| Plural | *stojaxomъ | *stojaste | *stojašę | *stojimъ | *stojite | *stojętь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *stojaaxъ | *stojaaše | *stojaaše | — | *stoji | *stoji |
| Dual | *stojaaxově | *stojaašeta | *stojaašete | *stojivě | *stojita | — |
| Plural | *stojaaxomъ | *stojaašete | *stojaaxǫ | *stojimъ | *stojite | — |
Derived terms
- *zastojь (“halt, abeyance”)
- *stojanъka (“standoff, place for standing”)
Related terms
Proto-Slavic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *steh₂- (0 c, 12 e)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: стоꙗти (stojati)
- Belarusian: стая́ць (stajácʹ)
- Russian: стоя́ть (stojátʹ)
- Ukrainian: стоя́ти (stojáty)
- Old East Slavic: стоꙗти (stojati)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Cyrillic: стоꙗти (stojati)
- Glagolitic: ⱄⱅⱁⱑⱅⰻ (stoěti)
- Bulgarian: стоя́ (stojá)
- Macedonian: стои (stoi)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: ста̏јати
- Latin: stȁjati
- Slovene: státi (tonal orthography)
- Old Church Slavonic:
- West Slavic:
- Czech: stát
- Kashubian: stac, stojec
- Polish: stać, stáć (obsolete or dialectal), stojać (dialectal), stojeć (dialectal)
- Silesian: stŏć
- Slovak: stáť
- Sorbian:
- Upper Sorbian: stać, stojeć, stejeć
- Lower Sorbian: stojaś
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “стою”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Chernykh, P. (1993), “стоять”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), 3rd edition, Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 206
- Šanskij, N. M. (2004), “стоять”, in Školʹnyj etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [School Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Drofa
- Todorov T., editor (2010), “стоя”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 7, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 480
References
- Rix, Helmut, editor (2001) Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 590: “Essiv... aksl. (+) stojǫ, stojati ‘stehen’”
- Darden, Bill J. (1990), “Laryngeals and Syllabicity in Balto-Slavic and Indo-European”, in The Chicago Linguistic Society
- Kortlandt, Frederik (1989), “Lithuanian statýti and related formations”, in Baltistica XXV
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*stojati”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 468: “v. (c) ‘stand’”
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “stojati: stojǫ stojitь”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c stå (PR 139)”
- Snoj, Marko (2016), “státi¹”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar3 (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “*stoja̋ti ... sed. *stȍjǫ”