< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/stenati
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *sten-, from Proto-Indo-European *sten-.
Cognate with Lithuanian stenė́ti (“to groan, to moan”) (1sg. stenù), Latvian stenêt (1sg. stenu, stenẽju, Old Prussian stīnons (“hard-won, transferred”, perf. part.), Ancient Greek στένω (sténō, “to moan, to sigh, to bewail”), Old English stenan (“to groan”), Sanskrit स्तनति (stánati, “to rattle, to rumble”).
Verb
*stenàti
- to groan, to moan
Inflection
Conjugation of *stenati, *stena, *steňetь (?, -a/j-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Suffix: *-ati
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *stenanьje | *stenati | *stenatъ | *stenalъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *stenanъ | *steňemъ |
| Active | *stenavъ | *steňę |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *stenaxъ | *stena | *stena | *steňǫ | *steňeši | *steňetь |
| Dual | *stenaxově | *stenasta | *stenaste | *steňevě | *steňeta | *steňete |
| Plural | *stenaxomъ | *stenaste | *stenašę | *steňemъ | *steňete | *steňǫtь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *stenaaxъ | *stenaaše | *stenaaše | — | *steňi | *steňi |
| Dual | *stenaaxově | *stenaašeta | *stenaašete | *steňivě | *steňita | — |
| Plural | *stenaaxomъ | *stenaašete | *stenaaxǫ | *steňimъ | *steňite | — |
Related terms
- *stonъ (“moan, groan”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: стенати (stenati), 1sg. стеню (stenju)
- Russian: стена́ть (stenátʹ) (obsolete), 1sg. стена́ю (stenáju); modern стона́ть (stonátʹ), 1sg. стону́ (stonú), 3sg. сто́нет (stónet)
- Ukrainian: стогна́ть (stohnátʹ), 1sg. стогну (stohnu), 3sg. сто́гне (stóhne)
- Old East Slavic: стенати (stenati), 1sg. стеню (stenju)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: стенати (stenati)
- Bulgarian: сте́на (sténa)
- Macedonian: стенка (stenka)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: стѐњати, 1sg. сте̏ње̄м
- Latin: stènjati, 1sg. stȅnjēm
- Chakavian (Vrgada): stenjȁti, 2sg. stȅnješ
- Slovene: stenjáti (tonal orthography), 1sg. stenjȃm (tonal orthography)
- West Slavic:
- Czech: sténat
- Slovak: stenať
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*stenàti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 466
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “стена́ть”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress