< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/sorka
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology 1
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *śárˀkāˀ. Cognate with Lithuanian šárka, Old Prussian sarke (magpie). Eventually connected with Russian сорок (sorok), forty.[1]
The original form was *sorka, with non-etymological *-v- in some daughters introduced by analogy from *svьrčati (“to whistle”), possibly in order to avoid confusion with the (reflex of the) verb *sьrati (“to defecate”).
Noun
*sòrka f[2]
- magpie
Declension
Declension of *sòrka (hard a-stem, accent paradigm a)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *sòrka | *sòrcě | *sòrky |
| Accusative | *sòrkǫ | *sòrcě | *sòrky |
| Genitive | *sòrky | *sòrku | *sòrkъ |
| Locative | *sòrcě | *sòrku | *sòrkasъ, *sòrkaxъ* |
| Dative | *sòrcě | *sòrkama | *sòrkamъ |
| Instrumental | *sòrkojǫ, *sòrkǭ** | *sòrkama | *sòrkamī |
| Vocative | *sòrko | *sòrcě | *sòrky |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Alternative forms
- *svòrka
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: сорока (soroka)
- Belarusian: саро́ка (saróka)
- Russian: соро́ка (soróka)
- Rusyn: сорока (soroka)
- Ukrainian: соро́ка (soróka)
- → Yiddish: סאָראָקע (soroke) (from Ukrainian or Russian)
- Old East Slavic: сорока (soroka)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Old Cyrillic: сврака (svraka)
- Glagolitic: ⱄⰲⱃⰰⰽⰰ (svraka)
- Bulgarian: свра́ка (svráka)
- Macedonian: сврака (svraka)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: свра̏ка
- Latin: svrȁka
- Slovene: sráka
- Old Church Slavonic:
- West Slavic:
- Czech: straka
- Kashubian: sroka
- Polabian: svorko
- Old Polish: sroka
- Polish: sroka
- Slovak: straka
- Slovincian: sãrka
- Sorbian:
- Lower Sorbian: sroka
- Upper Sorbian: sroka
- → Hungarian: szarka
Further reading
- Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 477
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “сорока”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Gluhak, Alemko (1993) Hrvatski etimološki rječnik (in Serbo-Croatian), Zagreb: August Cesarec, page 601
Etymology 2
Baltic cognates include Lithuanian šar̃kas, švar̃kas (“jacket, coat”), Latvian svā̀rks (“skirt”) (-v- possibly is influence of švarùs (“clean”))
Noun
*sorka f
- shirt
Declension
Declension of *sorka (hard a-stem)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *sorka | *sorcě | *sorky |
| Accusative | *sorkǫ | *sorcě | *sorky |
| Genitive | *sorky | *sorku | *sorkъ |
| Locative | *sorcě | *sorku | *sorkasъ, *sorkaxъ* |
| Dative | *sorcě | *sorkama | *sorkamъ |
| Instrumental | *sorkojǫ, *sorkǫ** | *sorkama | *sorkami |
| Vocative | *sorko | *sorcě | *sorky |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Derived terms
- *sorčica
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: сорочька (soročĭka), сорочица (soročica)
- Belarusian: саро́чка (saróčka)
- Russian: соро́чка (soróčka); сорочи́ца (soročíca) (dialectal)
- Rusyn: сорочка (soročka)
- Ukrainian: соро́чка (soróčka)
- Old East Slavic: сорочька (soročĭka), сорочица (soročica)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Old Cyrillic: срака (sraka), сракꙑ (sraky), срачица (sračica)
- Glagolitic: ⱄⱃⰰⰽⰰ (sraka), ⱄⱃⰰⰽⱏⰹ (sraky), ⱄⱃⰰⱍⰺⱌⰰ (sračica)
- Bulgarian: срака (sraka) (dialectal)
- Slovene: srajca, sračica
- Old Church Slavonic:
- → Albanian: shark
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “сорочка”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1912), “сорочица, сорочька”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments] (in Russian), volume 3: Р – Ꙗ и дополненія, Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, сорочька column 467
References
- https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english-russian/forty
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*svòrka; *sòrka”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 477: “f. ā (a) ‘magpie’”