Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/sliva

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *sliˀwā́ˀ, presumably from Proto-Indo-European *(s)leh₃y- (“bluish”), from which also Proto-Germanic *slaihwǭ (“sloe”).

Noun

*slìva f

plum
plum tree

Inflection

Declension of *slìva (hard a-stem, accent paradigm a)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*slìva	*slìvě	*slìvy
Accusative	*slìvǫ	*slìvě	*slìvy
Genitive	*slìvy	*slìvu	*slìvъ
Locative	*slìvě	*slìvu	slìvasъ, slìvaxъ^*
Dative	*slìvě	*slìvama	*slìvamъ
Instrumental	slìvojǫ, slìvǭ^**	*slìvama	*slìvamī
Vocative	*slìvo	*slìvě	*slìvy

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Descendants

Old East Slavic: слива (sliva)
- Old Belarusian: слива (sliva)
  - Belarusian: слі́ва (slíva)
- Russian: сли́ва (slíva)
- Ukrainian: сли́ва (slýva)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Cyrillic: слива (sliva)
  Glagolitic: ⱄⰾⰻⰲⰰ (sliva)
- Bulgarian: сли́ва (slíva)
- Macedonian: слива (sliva)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic: шљи̏ва
  Latin: šljȉva
  - Chakavian (Vrgada): slȉva
  - Chakavian (Orbanići): slȉva
  - Kajkavian (Bednja): slȉvo
- Slovene: slíva (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: slíva
  - Czech: slíva
- Kashubian: slëwa
- Polabian: slaiveńă
- Old Polish: śliwa
  - Polish: śliwa
- Slovak: slíva
- Sorbian:
  - Lower Sorbian: slěwka
  - Upper Sorbian: slowka