< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/skǫpъ
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Unclear:
- Brückner (favoured by Vasmer, Snoj): From the root of *ščeměti (“to pinch, to ache; to yearn”), *skomiti (“to ache”) + *-pъ.
- Mladenov: Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *sek- (“to cut”) + *-ǫpъ (mp-stem), analogous to Proto-Slavic *krǫpъ (“stocky, bulky”) from synonymous *(s)ker- (“to cut”).
Per Loewenthal, may be akin to Proto-Slavic *šępa (“handful”) (whence Bulgarian ше́па (šépa)), Old Church Slavonic охѫпити (oxǫpiti, “to seize, to grasp”).
Adjective
*skǫ̃pъ[1][2]
- expensive, valuable, overpriced (for a merchandise)
- Synonyms: *dorgъ, *cěnьnъ
- Antonyms: *skǫdьnъ, *deševъ
- stingy (for a person)
- Synonym: *skrędzь
Declension
Indefinite declension of *skǫpъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *skǫpъ | *skǫpa | *skǫpo |
| Accusative | *skǫpъ | *skǫpǫ | *skǫpo |
| Genitive | *skǫpa | *skǫpy | *skǫpa |
| Locative | *skǫpě | *skǫpě | *skǫpě |
| Dative | *skǫpu | *skǫpě | *skǫpu |
| Instrumental | *skǫpomь | *skǫpojǫ | *skǫpomь |
| Vocative | *skǫpe | *skǫpo | *skǫpo |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *skǫpa | *skǫpě | *skǫpě |
| Accusative | *skǫpa | *skǫpě | *skǫpě |
| Genitive | *skǫpu | *skǫpu | *skǫpu |
| Locative | *skǫpu | *skǫpu | *skǫpu |
| Dative | *skǫpoma | *skǫpama | *skǫpoma |
| Instrumental | *skǫpoma | *skǫpama | *skǫpoma |
| Vocative | *skǫpa | *skǫpě | *skǫpě |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *skǫpi | *skǫpy | *skǫpa |
| Accusative | *skǫpy | *skǫpy | *skǫpa |
| Genitive | *skǫpъ | *skǫpъ | *skǫpъ |
| Locative | *skǫpěxъ | *skǫpaxъ | *skǫpěxъ |
| Dative | *skǫpomъ | *skǫpamъ | *skǫpomъ |
| Instrumental | *skǫpy | *skǫpami | *skǫpy |
| Vocative | *skǫpi | *skǫpy | *skǫpa |
Definite declension of *skǫpъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *skǫpъjь | *skǫpaja | *skǫpoje |
| Accusative | *skǫpъjь | *skǫpǫjǫ | *skǫpoje |
| Genitive | *skǫpajego | *skǫpyję | *skǫpajego |
| Locative | *skǫpějemь | *skǫpěji | *skǫpějemь |
| Dative | *skǫpujemu | *skǫpěji | *skǫpujemu |
| Instrumental | *skǫpyjimi | *skǫpǫjǫ | *skǫpyjimi |
| Vocative | *skǫpъjь | *skǫpaja | *skǫpoje |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *skǫpaja | *skǫpěji | *skǫpěji |
| Accusative | *skǫpaja | *skǫpěji | *skǫpěji |
| Genitive | *skǫpuju | *skǫpuju | *skǫpuju |
| Locative | *skǫpuju | *skǫpuju | *skǫpuju |
| Dative | *skǫpyjima | *skǫpyjima | *skǫpyjima |
| Instrumental | *skǫpyjima | *skǫpyjima | *skǫpyjima |
| Vocative | *skǫpaja | *skǫpěji | *skǫpěji |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *skǫpiji | *skǫpyję | *skǫpaja |
| Accusative | *skǫpyję | *skǫpyję | *skǫpaja |
| Genitive | *skǫpъjixъ | *skǫpъjixъ | *skǫpъjixъ |
| Locative | *skǫpyjixъ | *skǫpyjixъ | *skǫpyjixъ |
| Dative | *skǫpyjimъ | *skǫpyjimъ | *skǫpyjimъ |
| Instrumental | *skǫpyjimi | *skǫpyjimi | *skǫpyjimi |
| Vocative | *skǫpiji | *skǫpyję | *skǫpaja |
Derived terms
- *skǫpiti (“to get expensive, to be stingy”)
- *skǫpěrь/*skǫpěrinъ, *skǫpařь, *skǫpuxъ (“cheapskate”)
- *skǫpьcь, *skǫpьči (“merchant who sells at expensive price”)
- *skǫpostь, *skǫpьje (“overpricing, expensiveness”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: скупъ (skupŭ)
- Belarusian: скупы́ (skupý)
- Russian: скупо́й (skupój)
- → Bulgarian: скуп m (skup, “cheapstake”) (dated, poetic)
- Ukrainian: скупи́й (skupýj)
- Old East Slavic: скупъ (skupŭ)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: скѫпъ (skǫpŭ)
- → Aromanian: scumpu
- → Romanian: scump
- Bulgarian: скъп (skǎp), скъмп (skǎmp) (dialectal)
- Macedonian: скап (skap)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: ску̑п
- Latin: skȗp
- Slovene: skôp
- Old Church Slavonic: скѫпъ (skǫpŭ)
- West Slavic:
- Czech: skoupý
- Polabian: skǫpĕ (“Friday”)
- Polish: skąpy
- Slovak: skúpy
- Sorbian:
- Lower Sorbian:
- Upper Sorbian:
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “скупо́й”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Račeva M., Todorov T., editor (2002), “скъп”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 6, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 817
References
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “skǫpъ skǫpa skǫpo”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b gerrig, dyr (PR 136)”
- Snoj, Marko (2016), “skop”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar3 (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *skǫ̑pъ”