< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/skvьrna
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Noun
*skvьrna f
- stain
- dirt
Inflection
Declension of *skvьrna (hard a-stem)
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | *skvьrna | *skvьrně | *skvьrny |
Accusative | *skvьrnǫ | *skvьrně | *skvьrny |
Genitive | *skvьrny | *skvьrnu | *skvьrnъ |
Locative | *skvьrně | *skvьrnu | *skvьrnasъ, *skvьrnaxъ* |
Dative | *skvьrně | *skvьrnama | *skvьrnamъ |
Instrumental | *skvьrnojǫ, *skvьrnǫ** | *skvьrnama | *skvьrnami |
Vocative | *skvьrno | *skvьrně | *skvьrny |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Descendants
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Old Cyrillic: скврьна (skvrĭna)
- Glagolitic: ⱄⰽⰲⱃⱐⱀⰰ (skvrĭna)
- → Old East Slavic: сквьрна (skvĭrna)
- Russian: скве́рна (skvérna)
- Ukrainian: скве́рна (skvérna)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: скрнав
- Latin: skrnav
- Slovene: skvȓna (tonal orthography)
- Old Church Slavonic:
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: skvrna
- Czech: skvrna
- Old Polish: skwarna (“undigested food in the stomach, hawk excrement”)
- Slovak: škvrna
- Old Czech: skvrna
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “скверна”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress