Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/skvara

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Possibly related to Proto-Slavic *skverti (“to blemish, to thaw”) or via s-mobile to Proto-Slavic *kvara (“taint, deformity”), *kuriti (“to smoke”), *kura (“duststorm, blizzard”) (in East Slavic). Vasmer does not exclude onomatopoeic origin (cf. Proto-Slavic *(s)kvьrъ (“creak”)).

Noun

*skvara f

conflagration, scorch
(by extension) fume, haze (from pyre, bonfire)
Synonym: *čadъ

Alternative forms

*skvarъ m

Inflection

Declension of *skvara (hard a-stem)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*skvara	*skvarě	*skvary
Accusative	*skvarǫ	*skvarě	*skvary
Genitive	*skvary	*skvaru	*skvarъ
Locative	*skvarě	*skvaru	skvarasъ, skvaraxъ^*
Dative	*skvarě	*skvarama	*skvaramъ
Instrumental	skvarojǫ, skvarǫ^**	*skvarama	*skvarami
Vocative	*skvaro	*skvarě	*skvary

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Derived terms

*skvariti (“to scorch, to sear”)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: сквара (skvara)
  - Belarusian: сква́ра (skvára)
  - Russian: сква́ра (skvára), шква́ра (škvára)
  - Ukrainian: сквар (skvar), шква́ра (škvára), шква́рка (škvárka)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: сквара (skvara)
- >? Bulgarian: чква́ра (čkvára, “calamity”) (dialectal)
- Serbo-Croatian: цква̏ра
- Slovene: skvárа (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Czech: škvár, škvárа, škvarek
- Polish: skwar
- Slovak: škvarka
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian: šwjerč
  - Lower Sorbian: šwark