< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/sila
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *séiˀlāˀ.
Noun
*sìla f[1][2][3]
- strength, force
Declension
Declension of *sìla (hard a-stem, accent paradigm a)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *sìla | *sìlě | *sìly |
| Accusative | *sìlǫ | *sìlě | *sìly |
| Genitive | *sìly | *sìlu | *sìlъ |
| Locative | *sìlě | *sìlu | *sìlasъ, *sìlaxъ* |
| Dative | *sìlě | *sìlama | *sìlamъ |
| Instrumental | *sìlojǫ, *sìlǭ** | *sìlama | *sìlamī |
| Vocative | *sìlo | *sìlě | *sìly |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Derived terms
- *silьnъ (“strong”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: сила (sila)
- Belarusian: сі́ла (síla)
- Russian: си́ла (síla)
- Ukrainian: си́ла (sýla)
- Old East Slavic: сила (sila)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Old Cyrillic: сила (sila)
- Glagolitic: ⱄⰻⰾⰰ (sila)
- Bulgarian: си́ла (síla)
- Macedonian: сила (sila)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: си̏ла
- Latin: sȉla
- Chakavian (Vrgada): sȉla
- Chakavian (Orbanići): sȉla
- Kajkavian (Bednja): sȉlo
- Slovene: síla (tonal orthography)
- Old Church Slavonic:
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: síla
- Czech: síla
- Bohemian (Chod dialect): síla
- Moravian (Mistřice): siu̯a
- Czech: síla
- Kashubian: sëła
- Old Polish: siła
- Polish: siła
- Slovak: sila
- Sorbian:
- Upper Sorbian: syła
- Lower Sorbian: syła
- Old Czech: síla
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “си́ла”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*sìla”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 451: “f. ā (a) ‘strength, force’”
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “sila sily”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a (SA 22, 72; PR 132; MP 15f.; RPT 107, 111)”
- Snoj, Marko (2016), “síla”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar3 (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *si̋la”