Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/sekyra

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Alternative reconstructions

*sěkỳra

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Cognate with Latin secūris (“axe”) and Ancient Greek σάγαρις (ságaris, “single-edged battle axe used by Scythians”). Probably not related to Akkadian 𒅆𒆕 (/šukurru/, “metal wedge, spear, axe”) which can have various other relations like to the frequent root related to locking, blocking (Arabic شَجَرَ‎ (šajara, “to tie up, to keep off”) and loanwords سُكَّار‎ (sukkār) and سَاجُور‎ (sājūr)).

Noun

*sekyra f

axe

Declension

Declension of *sekyra (hard a-stem)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*sekyra	*sekyrě	*sekyry
Accusative	*sekyrǫ	*sekyrě	*sekyry
Genitive	*sekyry	*sekyru	*sekyrъ
Locative	*sekyrě	*sekyru	sekyrasъ, sekyraxъ^*
Dative	*sekyrě	*sekyrama	*sekyramъ
Instrumental	sekyrojǫ, sekyrǫ^**	*sekyrama	*sekyrami
Vocative	*sekyro	*sekyrě	*sekyry

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: секꙑ́ра (sekýra), сѣкꙑ́ра (sěkýra), сокꙑ́ра (sokýra)
  - Old Ruthenian: секи́ра (sekíra), соки́ра (sokíra), саки́ра (sakíra), сокы́ра (sokýra)
    - Belarusian: сякі́ра (sjakíra), сокі́ра (sokíra), сако́ра (sakóra)
    - Rusyn: сокы́ра (sokŷ́ra)
    - Ukrainian: соки́ра (sokýra)
  - Middle Russian: секи́ра (sekíra), секы́ра (sekýra), соки́ра (sokíra), сокы́ра (sokýra)
    - Russian: секи́ра (sekíra)
- Old Novgorodian: ськꙑ́ра (sĭkýra), секꙑ́ра (sekýra)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Old Cyrillic: секꙑра (sekyra), сѣкꙑра (sěkyra)
  Glagolitic: [Term?]
- Bulgarian: секи́ра (sekíra)
- Macedonian: секира (sekira)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic: сѐкира, сјѐкира, сѝкира
  Latin: sèkira, sjèkira, sìkira
- Slovene: sekíra (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: sěkyra
  - Czech: sekyra, sekera
    - Bohemian (Chod dialect): sekyra
- Kashubian: seczera
- Polabian: seťaŕă
- Old Polish: siekira
  - Polish: siekiera
  - → Middle Russian: сѣкѣ́ра (sěkě́ra), секѣ́ра (sekě́ra), секе́ра (sekéra)
  - → Old Ruthenian: секе́ра (sekéra), сѣке́ра (sěkéra), соке́ра (sokéra), сокѣ́ра (sokě́ra), саке́ра (sakéra)
    - Belarusian: сяке́ра (sjakjéra), саке́ра (sakjéra), соке́ра (sokjéra)
- Slovak: sekera
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian: sekera
  - Lower Sorbian: sekera