< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/rǫbiti
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *rambīˀtei, according to Pokorny, from Proto-Indo-European *remb- (“to notch, hack”).[1]
Related to Proto-Balto-Slavic *rámbas. Cognate with Lithuanian rumbúoti (“to hem”), rémbėti (“to become covered with scars”), rum̃bas / rùmbas (“notch, scar, waist (on clothing)”), Latvian robs (“notch”) < *rambs. Per Vasmer, possibly cognate with Old Norse ramr, rammr (“sharp, bitter”), rimma (“struggle”), Old High German ramft (“edge”). Per Chernykh, cognate with Middle High German rumpf (“torso”) (modern German Rumpf).
Verb
*rǫbìti
- to chop
- to hem
Inflection
Conjugation of *rǫbiti, *rǫbi, *rǫbitь (?, -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *rǫbľenьje | *rǫbiti | *rǫbitъ | *rǫbilъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *rǫbľenъ | *rǫbimъ |
| Active | *rǫbľь | *rǫbę |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *rǫbixъ | *rǫbi | *rǫbi | *rǫbľǫ | *rǫbiši | *rǫbitь |
| Dual | *rǫbixově | *rǫbista | *rǫbiste | *rǫbivě | *rǫbita | *rǫbite |
| Plural | *rǫbixomъ | *rǫbiste | *rǫbišę | *rǫbimъ | *rǫbite | *rǫbętь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *rǫbľaaxъ | *rǫbľaaše | *rǫbľaaše | — | *rǫbi | *rǫbi |
| Dual | *rǫbľaaxově | *rǫbľaašeta | *rǫbľaašete | *rǫbivě | *rǫbita | — |
| Plural | *rǫbľaaxomъ | *rǫbľaašete | *rǫbľaaxǫ | *rǫbimъ | *rǫbite | — |
- Notes:
- (*)*rǫbivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle
Related terms
- *rǫ̑bъ (“hem? coarse cloth?”)
- *rǫbežь
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: рꙋбити (rubiti)
- ⇒ Belarusian: руба́ць (rubácʹ)
- Russian: руби́ть (rubítʹ, “to chop, to fell”), 1sg. рублю́ (rubljú), 3sg. ру́бит (rúbit)
- Ukrainian: руби́ти (rubýty)
- ⇒ Ukrainian: рубати (rubaty)
- Old East Slavic: рꙋбити (rubiti)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Old Cyrillic: рѫбити (rǫbiti)
- Bulgarian: ръ́бя (rǎ́bja, “to hem”)
- Macedonian: раби (rabi, “to border”)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: ру́бити (“to hem”), 1sg. ру̑бӣм
- Latin: rúbiti (“to hem”), 1sg. rȗbīm
- Chakavian (Orbanići): rᵘobȉt (“to shell (nuts), to peel”), 3sg. rᵘõbin
- Slovene: rọ́biti (“to hem, to beat, to chop”) (tonal orthography), 1sg. rọ́bim (tonal orthography)
- Old Church Slavonic:
- West Slavic:
- Czech: roubit (“to erect, (rarely) to hem, (archaic) to graft”)
- Old Polish: rąbić
- Polish: rąbić, rębić (Middle Polish)
- ⇒ Slovak: rúbať (“to chop, to beat”)
- Sorbian:
- ⇒ Upper Sorbian: rubać (“to chop”)
- ⇒ Lower Sorbian: rubaś (“to chop”)
References
- Chernykh, P. (1993), “руби́ть”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), 3rd edition, Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 125
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*rǫbìti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 439
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “руби́ть”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 864-65