< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/rydati
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *rūˀd-, by Winter's law from Proto-Indo-European *HrewdH-.[1] Baltic cognates include Lithuanian raudóti (“to weep, to wail, to lament”), Latvian raûdât (“to weep”), rũdinât (“to bring to tears”). Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit रोदिति (róditi), रुदति (rudáti, “to weep”), रोदयति (rodáyati, “to grieve”), Avestan 𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬯𐬙𐬁 (raostā, “(he) wept”, 3sg. aor.), Old English rēotan (“to weep, to complain”), probably also Latin rudō (“to bray, to shout”) (infinitive rudere), rūdō (“to bray, to shout”) (infinitive rūdere).
Verb
*rydati
- to weep, to wail
Inflection
Conjugation of *rydati, *ryda, *rydajetь (?, -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Suffix: *-ati
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *rydanьje | *rydati | *rydatъ | *rydalъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *rydanъ | *rydajemъ |
| Active | *rydavъ | *rydaję |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *rydaxъ | *ryda | *ryda | *rydajǫ | *rydaješi | *rydajetь |
| Dual | *rydaxově | *rydasta | *rydaste | *rydajevě | *rydajeta | *rydajete |
| Plural | *rydaxomъ | *rydaste | *rydašę | *rydajemъ | *rydajete | *rydajǫtь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *rydaaxъ | *rydaaše | *rydaaše | — | *rydaji | *rydaji |
| Dual | *rydaaxově | *rydaašeta | *rydaašete | *rydajivě | *rydajita | — |
| Plural | *rydaaxomъ | *rydaašete | *rydaaxǫ | *rydajimъ | *rydajite | — |
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: рꙑдати (rydati, “to weep, to wail”)
- Belarusian: рыда́ць (rydácʹ)
- Russian: рыда́ть (rydátʹ, “to sob”), 1sg. рыда́ю (rydáju)
- Ukrainian: рида́ти (rydáty)
- Old East Slavic: рꙑдати (rydati, “to weep, to wail”)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Cyrillic: рꙑдати (rydati, “to mourn, to lament”), 1sg. рꙑдаѭ (rydajǫ)
- Glagolitic: [Term?]
- Bulgarian: рида́я (ridája, “to sob”)
- Macedonian: рида (rida, “to sob”)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: ри̏дати, 1sg. ри̏да̄м
- Latin: rȉdati, 1sg. rȉdām
- Old Church Slavonic:
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: rydati (“to attack, to nag”)
- Czech: rydat (“to wail, to nag”)
- Slovak: rydať (“to wail, to lament”)
- Old Czech: rydati (“to attack, to nag”)
References
- Reconstructed as *(H)rewd- by Derksen; final laryngeal is included by Ringe to account for Sanskrit रोदिति (róditi).
- Chernykh, P. (1993), “рыда́ть”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), 3rd edition, Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 130
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*rydati”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 441
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “рыда́ть”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN