< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/rudъ
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *raudas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rowdʰ-o-, from *h₁rewdʰ-.
Baltic cognates include Lithuanian raũdas (“reddish brown, bay, reddish”), Latvian raũds (“red, reddish brown, light bay”).
Indo-European cognates include Latin dial. rūfus (“red-haired, reddish”), Proto-Germanic *raudaz (“red”).
Adjective
*rȗdъ[1]
- red, blood red, reddish
- ginger
- brown
Inflection
Accent paradigm c.
Indefinite declension of *rudъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *rudъ | *ruda | *rudo |
| Accusative | *rudъ | *rudǫ | *rudo |
| Genitive | *ruda | *rudy | *ruda |
| Locative | *rudě | *rudě | *rudě |
| Dative | *rudu | *rudě | *rudu |
| Instrumental | *rudomь | *rudojǫ | *rudomь |
| Vocative | *rude | *rudo | *rudo |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *ruda | *rudě | *rudě |
| Accusative | *ruda | *rudě | *rudě |
| Genitive | *rudu | *rudu | *rudu |
| Locative | *rudu | *rudu | *rudu |
| Dative | *rudoma | *rudama | *rudoma |
| Instrumental | *rudoma | *rudama | *rudoma |
| Vocative | *ruda | *rudě | *rudě |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *rudi | *rudy | *ruda |
| Accusative | *rudy | *rudy | *ruda |
| Genitive | *rudъ | *rudъ | *rudъ |
| Locative | *ruděxъ | *rudaxъ | *ruděxъ |
| Dative | *rudomъ | *rudamъ | *rudomъ |
| Instrumental | *rudy | *rudami | *rudy |
| Vocative | *rudi | *rudy | *ruda |
Definite declension of *rudъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *rudъjь | *rudaja | *rudoje |
| Accusative | *rudъjь | *rudǫjǫ | *rudoje |
| Genitive | *rudajego | *rudyję | *rudajego |
| Locative | *rudějemь | *ruději | *rudějemь |
| Dative | *rudujemu | *ruději | *rudujemu |
| Instrumental | *rudyjimi | *rudǫjǫ | *rudyjimi |
| Vocative | *rudъjь | *rudaja | *rudoje |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *rudaja | *ruději | *ruději |
| Accusative | *rudaja | *ruději | *ruději |
| Genitive | *ruduju | *ruduju | *ruduju |
| Locative | *ruduju | *ruduju | *ruduju |
| Dative | *rudyjima | *rudyjima | *rudyjima |
| Instrumental | *rudyjima | *rudyjima | *rudyjima |
| Vocative | *rudaja | *ruději | *ruději |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *rudiji | *rudyję | *rudaja |
| Accusative | *rudyję | *rudyję | *rudaja |
| Genitive | *rudъjixъ | *rudъjixъ | *rudъjixъ |
| Locative | *rudyjixъ | *rudyjixъ | *rudyjixъ |
| Dative | *rudyjimъ | *rudyjimъ | *rudyjimъ |
| Instrumental | *rudyjimi | *rudyjimi | *rudyjimi |
| Vocative | *rudiji | *rudyję | *rudaja |
Related terms
- *rudъ (“red; ginger; brown”, adj.)
- *ruda (“ore”)
- *rusъ < *rudsъ (adj.)
- *ruměnъ < *rudměnъ (adj.)
- *rъděti (“to be red; redden”)
- *rъdrъ (“red, red-haired”, adj.)
- *rъďa (“rust”)
- *ryďь (“ginger”, adj.)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: рудъ (rudŭ)
- Belarusian: ру́ды (rúdy)
- Russian: ру́дый (rúdyj), рудо́й (rudój)
- Ukrainian: руди́й (rudýj)
- Old East Slavic: рудъ (rudŭ)
- South Slavic:
- Bulgarian: руд (rud)
- Macedonian: руд (rud)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: ру̑д
- Latin: rȗd
- Slovene: rȗd
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: rudý
- Czech: rudý
- Polish: rudy
- Slovak: rudý
- Sorbian:
- Upper Sorbian: rudy
- Old Czech: rudý
See also
| *bělъ (of animals) *bronъ | *sivъ, *śěrъ, *śědъ | *čьrnъ, *smaglъ/*smǫglъ (of animals) *vornъ, *galъ |
| *čьrvenъ, *ryďь, *ruměnъ | *rudъ, *granivъ; *smědъ, (of animals) *gnědъ | *žьltъ (of animals) *solvъ; *polvъ |
| *zelenъ | *zelenъ, *grěnъ | |
| *polvъ | *siňь; *modrъ | |
| *slivъ | *bagrъ |
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “рудый”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*rȗdъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 440: “adj. o (c)”