< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/pьxati
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *piš-, from Proto-Indo-European *pis-, from *peys-. Baltic cognates include Lithuanian pìsti (“to copulate”) (1sg. pisù). Other Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit पिनष्टि (pináṣṭi, “to crush”), Avestan 𐬞𐬌𐬱𐬀𐬥𐬙- (pišant-, “pushing”), Ancient Greek πτίσσω (ptíssō, “to winnow grain, to crush in a mortar”), Latin pīnsō (“to crush”) (infinitive pīnsere), Middle High German vīsel (“mortar”).
Verb
*pьxàti[1][2]
- to push, to shove
Inflection
Conjugation of *pьxati, *pьxa, *pьšetь (?, -a/C-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Suffix: *-ati
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *pьxanьje | *pьxati | *pьxatъ | *pьxalъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *pьxanъ | *pьxomъ |
| Active | *pьxavъ | *pьxy |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *pьxaxъ | *pьxa | *pьxa | *pьxǫ | *pьšeši | *pьšetь |
| Dual | *pьxaxově | *pьxasta | *pьxaste | *pьševě | *pьšeta | *pьšete |
| Plural | *pьxaxomъ | *pьxaste | *pьxašę | *pьšemъ | *pьšete | *pьxǫtь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *pьxaaxъ | *pьxaaše | *pьxaaše | — | *pьśi | *pьśi |
| Dual | *pьxaaxově | *pьxaašeta | *pьxaašete | *pьśěvě | *pьśěta | — |
| Plural | *pьxaaxomъ | *pьxaašete | *pьxaaxǫ | *pьśěmъ | *pьśěte | — |
Conjugation of *pьxati, *pьxa, *pьxajetь (?, -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Suffix: *-ati
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *pьxanьje | *pьxati | *pьxatъ | *pьxalъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *pьxanъ | *pьxajemъ |
| Active | *pьxavъ | *pьxaję |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *pьxaxъ | *pьxa | *pьxa | *pьxajǫ | *pьxaješi | *pьxajetь |
| Dual | *pьxaxově | *pьxasta | *pьxaste | *pьxajevě | *pьxajeta | *pьxajete |
| Plural | *pьxaxomъ | *pьxaste | *pьxašę | *pьxajemъ | *pьxajete | *pьxajǫtь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *pьxaaxъ | *pьxaaše | *pьxaaše | — | *pьxaji | *pьxaji |
| Dual | *pьxaaxově | *pьxaašeta | *pьxaašete | *pьxajivě | *pьxajita | — |
| Plural | *pьxaaxomъ | *pьxaašete | *pьxaaxǫ | *pьxajimъ | *pьxajite | — |
Related terms
- *pě̃stъ (“pestle”)
- *pьšenò (“millet”)
Descendants
- Church Slavonic: пьхати (pĭxati) (Serbian)
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: пьхати (pĭxati), пихати (pixati)
- Belarusian: пхаць (pxacʹ)
- Russian: пиха́ть (pixátʹ), dialectal or low colloquial пхать (pxatʹ)
- Ukrainian: пха́ти (pxáty)
- Old East Slavic: пьхати (pĭxati), пихати (pixati)
- South Slavic:
- Bulgarian: пъ́хам (pǎ́ham), пъ́хвам (pǎ́hvam)
- Slovene: peháti, pháti (tonal orthography)
- West Slavic:
- Czech: pchát, píchat
- Kashubian: pchac
- Polish: pchać
- Slovak: pchať, pichať
Further reading
- Chernykh, P. (1993), “пиха́ть”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), 3rd edition, Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 36
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “пиха́ть”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*pьxati”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 426: “v. ‘push, shove’”
- Snoj, Marko (2016), “pháti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar3 (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “*pьxa̋ti”