< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/pьrvъ
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *pírˀwas, from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥h₂wós or Proto-Indo-European *pr̥h₃wós.
Baltic cognates include Lithuanian pìrmas (“first; primary”), Latvian pìrmaĩs, Old Prussian pirmas (“first”).
Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit पूर्व (pū́rva, “foremost, first, previous”), Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬎𐬭𐬬𐬀- (paurva-), 𐬞𐬀𐬊𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬫𐬀- (paouruya-), 𐬞𐬀𐬊𐬌𐬭𐬫𐬀 (paoirya, “first”), Old Persian [Term?] (/paruva-/), Albanian parë (“first”), Tocharian A pärwat, Tocharian B pärweṣṣe (“first”), Old English forwost (“first, (ring)leader”).
Adjective
| 10 | ||||
| 1 | 2 → | 10 → | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cardinal: *edinъ Ordinal: *pьrvъ Adverbial: *edino šьdy, *edьnojьťi Multiplier: *edinakъ Collective: *edьnojь | ||||
*pь̀rvъ[1][2][3]
- first
Declension
Indefinite declension of *pьrvъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *pьrvъ | *pьrva | *pьrvo |
| Accusative | *pьrvъ | *pьrvǫ | *pьrvo |
| Genitive | *pьrva | *pьrvy | *pьrva |
| Locative | *pьrvě | *pьrvě | *pьrvě |
| Dative | *pьrvu | *pьrvě | *pьrvu |
| Instrumental | *pьrvomь | *pьrvojǫ | *pьrvomь |
| Vocative | *pьrve | *pьrvo | *pьrvo |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *pьrva | *pьrvě | *pьrvě |
| Accusative | *pьrva | *pьrvě | *pьrvě |
| Genitive | *pьrvu | *pьrvu | *pьrvu |
| Locative | *pьrvu | *pьrvu | *pьrvu |
| Dative | *pьrvoma | *pьrvama | *pьrvoma |
| Instrumental | *pьrvoma | *pьrvama | *pьrvoma |
| Vocative | *pьrva | *pьrvě | *pьrvě |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *pьrvi | *pьrvy | *pьrva |
| Accusative | *pьrvy | *pьrvy | *pьrva |
| Genitive | *pьrvъ | *pьrvъ | *pьrvъ |
| Locative | *pьrvěxъ | *pьrvaxъ | *pьrvěxъ |
| Dative | *pьrvomъ | *pьrvamъ | *pьrvomъ |
| Instrumental | *pьrvy | *pьrvami | *pьrvy |
| Vocative | *pьrvi | *pьrvy | *pьrva |
Definite declension of *pьrvъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *pьrvъjь | *pьrvaja | *pьrvoje |
| Accusative | *pьrvъjь | *pьrvǫjǫ | *pьrvoje |
| Genitive | *pьrvajego | *pьrvyję | *pьrvajego |
| Locative | *pьrvějemь | *pьrvěji | *pьrvějemь |
| Dative | *pьrvujemu | *pьrvěji | *pьrvujemu |
| Instrumental | *pьrvyjimi | *pьrvǫjǫ | *pьrvyjimi |
| Vocative | *pьrvъjь | *pьrvaja | *pьrvoje |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *pьrvaja | *pьrvěji | *pьrvěji |
| Accusative | *pьrvaja | *pьrvěji | *pьrvěji |
| Genitive | *pьrvuju | *pьrvuju | *pьrvuju |
| Locative | *pьrvuju | *pьrvuju | *pьrvuju |
| Dative | *pьrvyjima | *pьrvyjima | *pьrvyjima |
| Instrumental | *pьrvyjima | *pьrvyjima | *pьrvyjima |
| Vocative | *pьrvaja | *pьrvěji | *pьrvěji |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *pьrviji | *pьrvyję | *pьrvaja |
| Accusative | *pьrvyję | *pьrvyję | *pьrvaja |
| Genitive | *pьrvъjixъ | *pьrvъjixъ | *pьrvъjixъ |
| Locative | *pьrvyjixъ | *pьrvyjixъ | *pьrvyjixъ |
| Dative | *pьrvyjimъ | *pьrvyjimъ | *pьrvyjimъ |
| Instrumental | *pьrvyjimi | *pьrvyjimi | *pьrvyjimi |
| Vocative | *pьrviji | *pьrvyję | *pьrvaja |
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: пь́рвꙑи (pĭ́rvyj), пе́рвꙑи (pérvyj)
- Old Ruthenian: пе́рвый (pérvyj)
- Belarusian: пе́рвы (pjérvy)
- Rusyn: пе́рвый (pérvŷj)
- Ukrainian: пе́рвий (pérvyj)
- Russian: пе́рвый (pérvyj)
- → Kildin Sami: пе̄рвэ (p’ērve)
- → Yakut: пиэрибэй (pieribey)
- Old Ruthenian: пе́рвый (pérvyj)
- Old East Slavic: пь́рвꙑи (pĭ́rvyj), пе́рвꙑи (pérvyj)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Old Cyrillic: прьвъ (prĭvŭ)
- Glagolitic: ⱂⱃⱐⰲⱏ (prĭvŭ)
- Bulgarian: пъ́рви (pǎ́rvi), пръ́в (prǎ́v)
- Macedonian: прв (prv)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: пр̑вӣ
- Latin: pȓvī
- → Istro-Romanian: prvi
- Slovene: pȓvi (tonal orthography)
- Old Church Slavonic:
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: prvý
- ⇒ Czech: první
- Kashubian: piérwi
- Polabian: parĕ
- Old Polish: pierwy
- ⇒ Polish: pierwszy (superlative form)
- → Old Ruthenian: пе́рвшый (pérvšyj), пе́ршый (péršyj)
- Belarusian: пе́ршы (pjéršy)
- Ukrainian: пе́рший (péršyj)
- → Old Ruthenian: пе́рвшый (pérvšyj), пе́ршый (péršyj)
- ⇒ Polish: pierwszy (superlative form)
- Slovak: prvý
- Sorbian:
- Upper Sorbian: pjerwy
- Lower Sorbian: pjerwy
- Old Czech: prvý
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “первый”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*pьrvъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 430: “num. o ‘first’”
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “pьrvъ pьrva pьrvo”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c (NA 138); a (PR 133) first”
- Snoj, Marko (2016), “pȓvi”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar3 (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *pь̋rvъ, *pь̋rvъjь”