< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/pьkъlъ
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Alternative reconstructions
- *pьklъ[1]
Etymology
Perhaps from Proto-Balto-Slavic *píkis, *píkulas, from Proto-Indo-European *pik- (“pitch”) or alternatively connected to *pey(H)- (“fat”). Cognate with Old Prussian pyculs (“hell”) (possibly a Polish borrowing) and akin to Latvian piķis (“pitch”), Lithuanian pìkis (“pitch”) (sometimes considered Germanic borrowings); Ancient Greek πίσσα (píssa, “pitch”), Latin pix (“pitch”). A borrowing from Latin picula (“pitch”) is not excluded.
Noun
*pьkъ̀lъ m[2][3]
- pitch, resin
- Synonym: *smola
- (by extension) hell, inferno
Alternative forms
- *pьkъlo n
- *pьcьlъ (with effects of Slavic progressive palatalization)
Declension
Declension of *pьkъ̀lъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm b)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *pьkъ̀lъ | *pьkъlà | *pьkъlì |
| Accusative | *pьkъ̀lъ | *pьkъlà | *pьkъlỳ |
| Genitive | *pьkъlà | *pьkъlù | *pьkъ̀lъ |
| Locative | *pьkъlě̀ | *pьkъlù | *pьkъ̀lěxъ |
| Dative | *pьkъlù | *pьkъlòma | *pьkъlòmъ |
| Instrumental | *pьkъlъ̀mь, *pьkъlòmь* | *pьkъlòma | *pьkъ̀ly |
| Vocative | *pьkъle | *pьkъlà | *pьkъlì |
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.
Derived terms
- *pьkъliti (“to conjure evil schemes”)
- *pьkъlьnъ, *pьkъľenъ (“diabolic, infernal”)
- *pьkъlica (“unfertile soil”)
- *pьkъlьskъ (“hellish”)
Descendants
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Old Cyrillic: пькълъ (pĭkŭlŭ), пьклъ (pĭklŭ), пьцьлъ (pĭcĭlŭ) (all meaning resin)
- Glagolitic: ⱂⱐⰽⱏⰾⱏ (pĭkŭlŭ)
- Church Slavonic (Russian recension): пькълъ m (pĭkŭlŭ)
- Bulgarian: пъ́къл (pǎ́kǎl, “hell”); пъке́л (pǎkél, “resin”) (dialectal)
- Macedonian: пе́кол (pékol)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: па̀као
- Latin: pàkao
- Chakavian (Hvar): pakȏl
- Chakavian (Novi): pakál
- Chakavian (Orbanići): pakãl
- Chakavian (Vrgada): pakå̃
- Slovene: pəkə̀ł (tonal orthography)
- Old Church Slavonic:
- West Slavic:
- Old Polish: piekło, piekieł, pkieł
- Polish: piekło
- Old Polish: piekło, piekieł, pkieł
- Non-Slavic:
- → Romanian: pâclă (“fog, mud”)
- → Hungarian: pokol
Further reading
- Derksen, Rick (2015), “pikis”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 355
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “пе́кло”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Račeva M., Todorov T., editor (2002), “пъкъл”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 6, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 41
References
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “pьklъ pьkla”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b hell (NA 114)”
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*pьcьlъ; *pьkъlъ; *pьkъlo”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 426: “(b) ‘pitch, hell’”
- Snoj, Marko (2016), “pekel”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar3 (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *pьkъlъ̏”