Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/pęta

< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/pęta

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *pentà. Probably from *pęti (“to stretch”) +‎ *-ta, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)penh₁- (“to span, to spin”). Akin to Lithuanian péntis (“heel, spur”), Old Prussian pentis (“spur”), Latvian piête (i-stems).

Noun

*pętà f[1][2][3]

1. heel

Declension

Declension of *pętà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm c)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*pętà	*pę̑tě	*pę̑ty
Accusative	*pę̑tǫ	*pę̑tě	*pę̑ty
Genitive	*pętý	*pętù	*pę̃tъ
Locative	*pę̑tě	*pętù	*pętàsъ, *pętàxъ*
Dative	*pętě̀	*pętàma	*pętàmъ
Instrumental	*pętojǫ́	*pętàma	*pętàmi
Vocative	*pęto	*pę̑tě	*pę̑ty

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.

Related terms

• *pęti (“to stretch”)
• *pǫtь (“path”)
• *pǫtъkъ (“sandal, slipper”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old Ruthenian: пѧта (pjata), пета (peta), пьѧта (pʹjata)
    • Ukrainian: п'ята́ (pʺjatá)
    • ⇒ Belarusian: пя́тка (pjátka)
  • Russian: пята́ (pjatá)
  • → Yiddish: פּיאַטע‎ (pyate)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic: пѧта (pęta)
    • Bulgarian: пета́ (petá), пе́нта (pénta) (dialectal)
  • Macedonian: пета (peta)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic: пе́та

    Latin: péta

  • Slovene: péta
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech:
    • Czech: pata
    • Knaanic: פטא‎
  • Kashubian: piãta
  • Polabian: ṕǫtă
  • Polish: pięta
  • Silesian: piynta
  • Slovak: päta
  • Sorbian:
    • Lower Sorbian: pěta
    • Upper Sorbian: pjata

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “пята”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
• Duridanov I., Račeva M., Todorov T., editor (1996), “пета”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 5, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 191
• Jiří Rejzek, Český etymologický slovník, electronic version, Leda, 2007

References

1. Derksen, Rick (2008), “*pętà”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 399: “f. ā (c) ‘heel’”
2. Olander, Thomas (2001), “pęta pęty”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c hæl (PR 138)”
3. Snoj, Marko (2016), “péta”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar³ (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “*pęta̋”